勤務シフトの特徴と眠気 - メタアナリシス
Laura Vieten1, Anna Arlinghaus, Marc Sobisch
1Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany. vieten.laura@baua.bund.de.
Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health
|January 21, 2026
まとめ
このメタアナリシスは、夜勤が眠気を著しく増加させることを明らかにしており、特に一連の最初の夜勤でその傾向が強い。シフト勤務のスケジュールは、疲労を管理し、労働者の安全性を高めるように最適化されるべきである。
科学分野:
- 労働衛生
- 睡眠医学
- ヒューマンファクター工学
背景:
- 疲労の主要な構成要素である眠気は、労働時間と健康および安全、職業上の傷害との関連がある。
- 勤務シフトの特徴が眠気に与える影響を理解することは、リスクを軽減するために不可欠である。
研究 の 目的:
- シフトの種類、シフト時間、連続シフト回数が眠気にどのように影響するかについての証拠を統合すること。
- さまざまな勤務スケジュールパラメータにわたる眠気の変動を調べること。
主な方法:
- 複数のデータベースを横断する体系的な文献検索。
- Karolinska Sleepiness Scaleで眠気を測定した研究の包含。
- ランダム効果モデルを使用した平均効果サイズの計算。
主要な成果:
- 夜勤では日勤と比較して眠気が有意に高く、午後シフトでは低かった。
- 夜勤ではシフト時間が長くなるにつれて眠気は増加したが、日勤では一貫性がなかった。
- 眠気は最初の夜勤でピークに達し、その後の夜勤で減少したが、連続する日勤では安定していた。
結論:
- 夜勤、特に一連の最初の夜勤は、最も顕著な眠気を引き起こす。
- 概日リズムと睡眠圧の要因は、シフト勤務に関連する眠気において重要である。
- シフトスケジュールは、特に最初の夜勤の前と最中に十分な回復時間を組み込むことにより、リスクを軽減するように設計されるべきである。
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