アジア太平洋地域の石炭採掘における職業性聴覚障害:パターン、リスク、および影響
Kurnia Ardiansyah Akbar1, Isa Ma'rufi1, Anu Surach2
1Faculty of Public Health, Jember University, Jember, Indonesia.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene
|January 21, 2026
まとめ
アジア太平洋地域の石炭鉱夫は、危険な騒音により職業性難聴のリスクが高いです。予防には、聴覚保護プログラムと規制の強化が不可欠です。
科学分野:
- 労働衛生;Audiology;公衆衛生
- Occupational Health; Audiology; Public Health
背景:
- 石炭鉱夫は職業性騒音曝露に対して非常に感受性が高く、騒音性難聴(NIHL)のリスクが高まります。アジア太平洋地域では、産業の成長と一貫性のない健康規制の施行により、聴覚障害の予防に課題があります。
- Coal miners are highly susceptible to occupational noise exposure, increasing their risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The Asia-Pacific region faces challenges in preventing hearing impairment due to industrial growth and inconsistent health regulation enforcement.
研究 の 目的:
- アジア太平洋地域の石炭鉱夫における職業性聴覚障害のパターン、リスク要因、および課題に関するエビデンスを体系的にレビューすること。この労働者の難聴予防のための政策に情報を提供し、介入を導くこと。
- To systematically review evidence on occupational hearing impairment patterns, risk factors, and challenges among Asia-Pacific coal miners. To inform policy and guide interventions for hearing loss prevention in this workforce.
主な方法:
- 5つのデータベースからの査読付き研究(2014-2025年)の体系的なレビューを実施しました。品質評価(CASPチェックリストを使用)の後、中国、オーストラリア、トルコ、インドの12の研究が含まれ、130,000人以上の鉱夫が対象となりました。
- A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies (2014-2025) from five databases was conducted. Twelve studies from China, Australia, Turkey, and India, covering over 130,000 miners, were included after quality appraisal using the CASP checklist.
主要な成果:
- 騒音性難聴(NIHL)および高周波難聴(HFHL)の高い有病率が一貫して見られました。主なリスク要因には、曝露期間、職種、年齢、劣悪な職場環境、旧式の機械、および個人用保護具の使用不足が含まれます。難聴は、塵肺症や高血圧などの他の職業病と併発することがよくありました。
- A high prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) was consistently found. Key risk factors include exposure duration, job category, age, poor workplace conditions, outdated machinery, and insufficient personal protective equipment use. Hearing loss frequently co-occurred with other occupational diseases like pneumoconiosis and hypertension.
結論:
- 職業性聴覚障害は、アジア太平洋地域の石炭鉱夫にとって重要で予防可能な問題です。NIHLを軽減し、聴覚の健康を改善するためには、強化された聴覚保護プログラム、より厳格な規制施行、および焦点を絞った研究が緊急に必要です。
- Occupational hearing impairment is a significant, preventable issue for Asia-Pacific coal miners. Urgent need for enhanced hearing conservation programs, stricter regulatory enforcement, and focused research to mitigate NIHL and improve auditory health.
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