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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

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外傷性脳損傷に対する光干渉断層撮影網膜バイオマーカー:系統的レビューおよびメタアナリシス
Abolfazl Hassani1, Lydia Gultom1, Timothy Liang1
1Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Clinical & experimental optometry
|January 21, 2026
まとめ
光干渉断層撮影(OCT)は、外傷性脳損傷(TBI)後の様々な網膜変化を示す。一部の研究ではアスリートや退役軍人における網膜神経線維層の菲薄化が示唆されているが、メタアナリシスでは全体的な有意な影響は見られず、さらなる研究が必要であることが示唆された。
科学分野:
- 眼科学
- 神経学
- バイオマーカー
背景:
- 外傷性脳損傷(TBI)は、認知、心理、神経学的障害を引き起こす。
- 中枢神経系の延長である網膜は、光干渉断層撮影(OCT)を用いた脳病理の評価のための非侵襲的な窓を提供する。
研究 の 目的:
- OCT由来の網膜変化に関する既存の研究を系統的にレビューおよびメタアナリシスすること。
- これらの網膜変化をTBIのバイオマーカーとして評価すること。
主な方法:
- 関連研究を特定するために、5つの電子データベースの系統的検索を実施した。
- TBI患者と対照群の間でOCTパラメータ(視神経、黄斑、脈絡膜の厚さ)を比較した7つの研究が含まれた。
- 結果を統合するためにランダム効果メタアナリシスを実施し、品質評価を行った。
主要な成果:
- 視神経乳頭周囲網膜神経線維層(RNFL)厚に関する結果は異質であり、一部の研究では菲薄化が示され、特に衝突型スポーツのアスリートや退役軍人に見られた。
- メタアナリシスでは、TBIがRNFL厚に及ぼす全体的な影響は軽微で有意ではなかった(推定1-1.5 µmの菲薄化)。
- ボクサーでは黄斑厚および神経節細胞複合体厚の減少が観察され、TBI患者では黄斑下脈絡膜厚の減少が観察された。
結論:
- OCT由来の網膜バイオマーカー、特にRNFL厚は、TBIにおいて変化が変動する。
- 現在のメタアナリシスでは有意な全体的な結果は得られず、TBIに対する信頼性の高いOCTバイオマーカーを確立するためには、さらなる縦断的研究が必要であることが強調された。
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