MCI-LB脳ネットワークの特定の認知領域障害に関連する再編成
Valeria Onofrj1,2, Raffaella Franciotti3,4, Kristina Mitterova5
1Department of Clinical Imaging Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Route de Lennik 808, Avenue Jean-Joseph Crocq 15, Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1070, 1020, Belgium. valeria.onofrj@hubruxelles.be.
Scientific reports
|January 21, 2026
まとめ
早期レビー小体型認知症(LBD)では、脳ネットワークの結合性が変化している。軽度認知障害を伴うレビー小体型認知症(MCI-LB)における機能的結合性の変化は、認知機能低下を防げない可能性のある複雑な代償メカニズムを示唆している。
科学分野:
- 神経科学; 認知神経学; 医用画像処理
背景:
- レビー小体型認知症(LBD)は進行性の神経変性疾患である。軽度認知障害を伴うレビー小体型認知症(MCI-LB)における早期検出と疾患メカニズムの理解は極めて重要である。機能的脳ネットワークの変化は認知機能低下に関与している。
研究 の 目的:
- 軽度認知障害を伴うレビー小体型認知症(MCI-LB)の早期前駆段階における機能的脳ネットワークの変化とその認知関連性を調査する。MCI-LB被験者と健常対照者(HC)の機能的結合性(FC)パターンを比較する。MCI-LBにおける認知パフォーマンスとFCの関係を探る。
主な方法:
- 38名のMCI-LB被験者と24名のHCから安静時(RS)機能的および構造的MRIスキャンを取得した。全参加者に神経心理学的評価を実施した。主要な安静時ネットワーク(顕著性ネットワーク、前頭頭頂ネットワーク、デフォルトモードネットワーク、注意ネットワーク、体性運動ネットワーク、視覚ネットワーク、言語ネットワーク)内の関心領域(ROI)間の機能的結合性(FC)を推定した。
主要な成果:
- MCI-LB被験者は、健常者(HC)と比較して、背側注意ネットワーク(DAN)、前頭頭頂ネットワーク(FPN)、言語ネットワーク(LN)間のFCの低下を示した。MCI-LBでは、FPNと顕著性ネットワーク(SN)、FPNとデフォルトモードネットワーク(DMN)、SNと体性運動ネットワーク(SMN)、DANとSMN間のネットワーク間FCの増加が観察された。MCI-LBにおける相関分析では、認知パフォーマンスとFC値との間に有意な関連が示された。
結論:
- MCI-LBにおいて、SNとFPN、およびFPNとDMNが関与する代償メカニズムの可能性が特定された。これは注意ネットワークと制御ネットワークの障害に続くものである可能性がある。これらの複雑な代償メカニズムは、MCI-LBにおける認知機能低下を相殺するには不十分である可能性がある。MCI-LBでは、特定のタスクパフォーマンスに主に関与しない脳ネットワークの異常な関与が観察された。
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