言語における非階層構造の表現の証拠
Yngwie A Nielsen1,2,3, Morten H Christiansen4,5,6
1School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. yan@cc.au.dk.
Nature human behaviour
|January 21, 2026
まとめ
言語は、階層的文法だけでなく、線形シーケンスによって表現される可能性がある。これらの基本的な構造のプライミングを示す実験は、従来の言語理論に挑戦する。
科学分野:
- 心理言語学
- 計算言語学
- 認知科学
背景:
- 言語科学における支配的な見解は、精神的な言語表現は階層的な文法構成要素に依存すると想定している。
- この構成要素ベースの見解は、長年にわたり、言語理論と人間の言語の認知モデルの基礎的な仮定となってきた。
研究 の 目的:
- 品詞の線形シーケンスに基づく代替的な言語表現を調査すること。
- これらの線形構造が階層的構成要素とは独立してプライミングできるかどうかをテストすること。
- コーパスデータを使用してこれらの発見の外部妥当性を調べること。
主な方法:
- 線形構造のプライミングをテストするために、497人の参加者による4つの事前登録されたフレーズ決定実験を実施した。
- 外部妥当性を評価するために、眼球運動追跡読解データ(N=68)と会話データ(N=358)の2つのコーパス分析を実行した。
主要な成果:
- 構成要素のプライミングなしでも、英語における線形でシーケンスベースの言語構造のプライミングが成功したことを実証した。
- コーパス分析により、これらの非構成要素ベースのマルチワード言語構造の普及とその外部妥当性が確認された。
結論:
- 証拠は、従来の構成要素に還元できない、基本的で線形なマルチワード言語構造の存在を支持している。
- 発見は、確立された生成論的および構成主義的な言語表現の説明に異議を唱えており、修正されたモデルの必要性を示唆している。
関連する概念動画
The Evidence for Evolution
47.7K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
47.7K
Language
894
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
894
Control Volume and System Representations
1.5K
Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface. For instance, in the case of water...
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface. For instance, in the case of water...
1.5K
State Space Representation
540
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
540
Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids
921
Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
921
Components of Language
776
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
776


