タンパク質治療薬の免疫原性データに対する自然言語照会のための検索拡張生成(RAG)
Nikhil Advani1, Amruta Gajanan Bhat1, Sathy Balu-Iyer1
1Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 355 Pharmacy, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.
The AAPS journal
|January 21, 2026
まとめ
検索拡張生成(RAG)人工知能(AI)は、生物製剤の免疫原性データの照会に有望であるが、限界がある。複雑な科学情報の正確な検索と合成には改善が必要である。
科学分野:
- バイオテクノロジー; 人工知能; 免疫学
背景:
- 生物製剤の免疫原性は、薬剤の安全性と有効性にとって極めて重要である。複雑な生物製剤データの自然言語照会は課題を提示する。検索拡張生成(RAG)AIは、データ合成のための潜在的なソリューションを提供する。
研究 の 目的:
- 生物製剤の免疫原性データ照会におけるRAG AIの強みと限界を評価する。RAGシステム内の異なる大規模言語モデル(LLM)のパフォーマンスを評価する。科学文献分析のためのRAGシステムの改善点を特定する。
主な方法:
- 663の生物製剤の添付文書をDailyMedから取得した。RAGシステムは、NLP、検索、LLMコンポーネント(ChatGPT、Gemini、DeepSeek、Llama)を統合した。LLMは、抗薬物抗体(ADA)発生率と忍容性に影響を与える要因について照会された。
主要な成果:
- RAGシステムは関連するコンテキストを検索したが、抗体以外のタンパク質治療薬については不正確さが指摘された。全てのLLMは、ADA発生率と忍容性要因の主要な決定要因を特定した。LLMの出力は詳細さと包括性にばらつきがあったが、一般的にソーステキストに対する関連性と忠実性を示した。ドメイン固有の評価により、正確な傾向特定と知識ギャップの強調が確認された。
結論:
- RAGベースのシステムは、複数のソースから免疫原性データを検索および合成できる。リトリーバーの効果と特定の薬剤タイプに対する正確性に関して、特に限界が存在する。信頼性の高い科学的データ照会のためには、RAGシステムのさらなる改善が保証される。
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