ハワイにおける民族的に多様な集団における遺伝子検査の利用と外科的意義
Amelia Wong1, Saskia Leonard2, Katlyn An2
1Surgery, University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine.
Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare
|January 22, 2026
まとめ
ハワイでは若年乳がん患者の遺伝子検査が一般的である。意義不明のバリアント(VUS)が多く、手術選択に影響を与えた一方、病原性変異は民族によって異なっていた。
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学; 遺伝学; 外科腫瘍学
背景:
- 乳がんの若年診断女性には遺伝子検査が推奨されている。意義不明のバリアント(VUS)は人種/民族的少数派でより一般的であるが、ハワイの多様な集団からのデータは不足している。臨床ガイドラインでは、VUSの結果に基づいた外科的決定は標準化されていない。
研究 の 目的:
- ハワイにおける若年乳がん女性の遺伝子検査の利用を調査する。遺伝子検査の結果が外科的治療パターンに与える影響を評価する。遺伝子検査結果における民族差を評価する。
主な方法:
- ホノルルの施設で2016年から2020年に診断された45歳未満の乳がん女性の後ろ向きカルテレビュー。民族、がん歴、遺伝子バリアント、外科的介入に関するデータを抽出した。検査の予測因子と結果と外科的選択との関連を特定するために統計分析を行った。
主要な成果:
- 236例中85.2%が遺伝子検査を受けた。家族歴が検査を予測した。意義不明のバリアント(VUS)が最も一般的であった(47.2%)が、民族差はなかった。病原性変異は「その他」の民族グループ(非アジア系/非NHPI)でより一般的であった。VUSを有する患者は、腫瘍の病期に関わらず、部分的または片側乳房切除術を受ける可能性が高かった。
結論:
- 乳がんの若年女性のこの民族的に多様なコホートにおいて、高い遺伝子検査の利用が観察された。病原性変異には民族差が存在し、VUSの有病率は高い。VUSの高い割合は、多様な集団における遺伝子検査の必要性と、外科的決定におけるその臨床的意義に関するさらなる研究の必要性を強調している。
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