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関連する概念動画

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
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Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Functions of Smooth Muscles01:23

Functions of Smooth Muscles

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Smooth muscles are an important type of muscle tissue that plays a vital role in the involuntary movements of internal organs. For example, they help regulate the movement of food through the gut and the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
Function of visceral smooth muscles
Visceral smooth muscle is found in the walls of all hollow organs, except the heart, and is a key player in the involuntary movements that drive the functioning of these internal organs. This tissue is arranged in...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
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Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

A Guide to Examining Intramuscular Fat Formation and its Cellular Origin in Skeletal Muscle
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前腕筋の自動セグメンテーション：手の機能、筋体積、および筋内脂肪との臨床的関連性

Joel Fundaun1, Valeria Oliva1,2, Sandrine Bédard1,3

  • 1Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA.

JCSM communications
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

自動MRIセグメンテーションは前腕筋の健康状態を正確に評価し、筋体積と握力との関連性を示す。このコンピュータビジョンアプローチは、手の機能を損なう状態の評価に役立つ。

キーワード:
支援コンピューター器用さ前腕握力画像処理磁気共鳴画像法

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A Rapid Automated Protocol for Muscle Fiber Population Analysis in Rat Muscle Cross Sections Using Myosin Heavy Chain Immunohistochemistry
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科学分野:

  • 医用生体工学;放射線学;コンピュータビジョン

背景:

  • 手の機能は日常生活活動に不可欠であり、筋骨格系および神経系の疾患では早期に損なわれることが多い。;磁気共鳴画像法（MRI）による筋健康マーカーは機能的能力と相関するが、従来の評価は時間がかかる。;コンピュータビジョンを用いた自動セグメンテーションは、効率的な筋健康評価のための潜在的な解決策を提供する。

研究 の 目的:

  • MRIを用いた自動前腕筋セグメンテーションのためのコンピュータビジョンモデルを開発・検証すること。;MRI由来の筋マーカー（体積、筋内脂肪）と人口統計学的要因（年齢、性別、BMI）との関連を調査すること。;握力や器用さなどの機能的指標と筋マーカーとの関係を探ること。

主な方法:

  • Dixon脂肪水MRIスキャンから手動でセグメンテーションされた前腕筋で訓練された2D U-Net畳み込みニューラルネットワークを使用した。;モデルの精度と信頼性は、Sørensen-Dice指数とクラス内相関係数（ICC）を用いてテストされた。;筋指標、人口統計学的要因、および手の機能との関連を、相関および回帰モデルを用いて分析した。

主要な成果:

  • 自動セグメンテーションモデルは、高い精度（Sørensen-Dice指数0.85-0.89）と信頼性（ICC 0.75-0.99）を示した。;筋体積はBMIと正の相関があり、年齢に関係なく男性の方が大きかった。;握力は筋体積と強い正の相関を示したが、筋内脂肪は機能と関連がなかった。

結論:

  • コンピュータビジョンによる自動前腕筋セグメンテーションは、正確かつ信頼性が高い。;BMIと性別によって影響される筋体積は、握力と強く関連しており、手の機能を評価する上で臨床的に重要である。;この技術により、筋健康状態の効率的な評価が可能になり、治療計画や機能的転帰のモニタリングに応用できる可能性がある。