プレホスピタル精密蘇生における全血製剤 vs. 赤血球濃厚液の役割:前向き多施設共同血液分析
Sydney Caputo1, Mark Piehl2, Jacob Broome3
1Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Journal of the American College of Surgeons
|January 22, 2026
まとめ
プレホスピタルでの全血製剤(WB)輸血は、赤血球濃厚液(pRBCs)と比較して全体的な生存率に差はなかった。しかし、WBは鈍的外傷患者の生存率を改善し、輸血必要量を減少させたことから、標的蘇生を支持する。
科学分野:
- 救急医学; 外傷外科; 重症医学
背景:
- 民間のプレホスピタル(PH)血液プログラムは、軍事経験から発展した。PH輸血にはWBが好まれるが、赤血球濃厚液(pRBCs)との比較データは限られている。救急医療サービス(EMS)システムは、PH輸血プロトコルをますます採用している。
研究 の 目的:
- プレホスピタルでの全血製剤(WB)と赤血球濃厚液(pRBCs)の輸血を受けた患者の転帰を比較する。様々な救急医療サービス(EMS)システムにおけるWBとpRBCsの有効性を評価する。WBがより優れた患者転帰につながるという仮説を検証する。
主な方法:
- 9つのEMSシステム(2020年1月~2024年12月)でPH輸血を受けた成人外傷患者の、前向き多施設共同解析。除外基準:孤立性外傷性脳損傷、穿通性頭部外傷、PH心停止。主要評価項目:入院中の死亡率。
主要な成果:
- 339人の患者が登録された。WB群は84人(24.9%)、pRBC群は255人(75.1%)。WB群は、pRBC群(赤血球濃厚液3単位、血漿2単位)と比較して、入院中の輸血必要量が少なかった(赤血球濃厚液2単位、血漿0単位)。全体として、24時間および入院中の死亡率に有意な差はなかった(WB vs. pRBCs: 7.1% vs. 13.7%, p=0.11)。鈍的外傷患者の部分集団解析では、WB群(94.1%)がpRBC群(79.5%, p=0.02)よりも生存率が高かった。
結論:
- プレホスピタルでのWBは、全体としてpRBCsに劣らない。WB輸血は、鈍的外傷患者における生存率の向上と関連している。WBは、その後の入院中の輸血必要量を減少させ、精密蘇生戦略を支持する。
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