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高体格指数(BMI)は血管性認知症の因果的危険因子である:メンデルランダム化研究
Liv Tybjærg Nordestgaard1,2,3, Jiao Luo1, Frida Emanuelsson1
1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
|January 22, 2026
まとめ
高体格指数(BMI)は血管性認知症の因果的危険因子である。高血圧はこの関連を部分的に媒介し、BMIと血圧が認知症予防のための重要な修正可能な因子であることを示唆している。
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 遺伝学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 肥満は血管性認知症と関連しており、代謝因子が潜在的な媒介因子となっている。
- 肥満と認知症の因果関係は依然として不明である。
研究 の 目的:
- 高体格指数(BMI)が血管性認知症のリスクを因果的に増加させるかどうかを判断すること。
- 高血圧、高脂血症、高血糖、または炎症がこの効果を媒介するかどうかを調査すること。
主な方法:
- コペンハーゲンおよび英国の前向きコホート研究、およびコンソーシアムデータを利用した。
- 個人および要約レベルデータを用いた1サンプルおよび2サンプルのメンデルランダム化(MR)を採用した。
- 血管性認知症、アルツハイマー病、虚血性心疾患のリスクを評価した。
主要な成果:
- 1サンプルのMRでは、BMIが1SD高くなるごとに血管性認知症のリスク比(OR)は1.63であった。2サンプルのMRでは、手法全体でBMIが1SD高くなるごとにORは1.54から1.98の範囲であった。収縮期および拡張期血圧は、血管性認知症に対するBMIの遺伝的影響のそれぞれ18%および25%を媒介した。
- 1-sample MR showed a 1.63 odds ratio (OR) for vascular-related dementia per 1-SD higher BMI.
- Two-sample MR yielded ORs ranging from 1.54 to 1.98 per 1-SD higher BMI across methods.
- Systolic and diastolic blood pressure mediated 18% and 25% of the genetic effect of BMI on vascular-related dementia, respectively.
結論:
- 高BMIは、観察上および遺伝上の両方で、血管性認知症のリスク増加と関連している。
- 高血圧は、BMIと血管性認知症の関係において重要な媒介因子である。
- 高BMIおよび高血圧の管理は、認知症予防戦略にとって重要である可能性がある。
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