高水効率または低水効率のニワトリの循環ホルモンおよび遺伝子発現プロファイルにおける熱ストレスの影響
Nusrat Jahan1, Lulu Liu1, Sara Orlowski1
1Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Poultry science
|January 22, 2026
まとめ
高水効率(HWE)のニワトリ系統は、熱ストレス(HS)下でもストレスホルモンレベルが低いことを示す。慢性的なHSは、家禽生産の持続可能性のための適応メカニズムを示唆するストレスおよびエネルギー経路を調節する。
科学分野:
- 動物科学; 生理学; 環境ストレス
背景:
- 家禽生産は、気候変動と水不足のために持続可能性の課題に直面している。
- ニワトリは熱ストレス(HS)に弱く、成長とパフォーマンスに影響を与える。
- 慢性的なHS下での水の利用効率(WUE)メカニズムの理解は非常に重要である。
研究 の 目的:
- 慢性的な熱ストレスが、水の効率が異なるニワトリ系統のホルモンレベルと遺伝子発現に及ぼす影響を調査すること。
- 熱ストレス下での水の利用に関連する生理学的および分子的な適応を特定すること。
主な方法:
- 2つのニワトリ系統(高水効率-HWE、低水効率-LWE)を、29日から49日まで熱中性または慢性的な熱ストレス条件下に置いた。
- 血漿ホルモンレベルをELISAを用いて分析した。
- 主要な代謝、ストレス、および水分バランス関連遺伝子の遺伝子発現をqPCRを用いて定量化した。
主要な成果:
- HWEニワトリは、LWEニワトリと比較して、血漿コルチコステロン(CORT)およびコルチゾールレベルが低く、ストレスの軽減を示した。
- 慢性的な熱ストレスは、適応を示唆するストレスホルモンレベルを低下させた。
- 熱ストレスは、アディポネクチン、グルカゴン、ビスファチン、オレキシンシグナル伝達、アルギニンバソプレッシン、およびレニン-アンジオテンシン系の遺伝子をダウンレギュレーションした。
結論:
- ニワトリにおける水の効率の違いは、ストレスホルモンプロファイルの違いと関連していた。
- 慢性的な熱ストレスは、ストレス、エネルギー、および水分バランス経路における適応的な生理学的および分子的な変化を誘発する。
- これらの発見は、環境的課題に対する家禽の回復力を高めるための洞察を提供する。
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