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関連する概念動画

Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

454
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
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Control Volume and System Representations01:16

Control Volume and System Representations

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Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface.  For instance, in the case of water...
1.5K
Linear Momentum in Control Volume01:13

Linear Momentum in Control Volume

1.3K
Newton's second law is applied to obtain the linear momentum in a control volume in a fluid system. According to this law, the rate of change of linear momentum is equal to the sum of external forces acting on the system. When a control volume matches the fluid system at a specific moment, the forces acting on both are identical. Reynolds transport theorem helps explain this by breaking down the system's linear momentum into two components: the rate of change of linear momentum within...
1.3K
Conservation of Energy in Control Volume01:14

Conservation of Energy in Control Volume

1.1K
Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

6.3K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
6.3K
Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume01:07

Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume

1.6K
The principle of conservation of mass is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is crucial for analyzing flow within fixed control volumes, such as pipes or ducts. This principle states that the total mass within a control volume remains constant unless altered by the inflow or outflow of mass through the control surfaces. This results in a vital relationship for steady, incompressible flow where the mass entering a system equals the mass leaving it.
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Flow Cytometric Determination of Pyroptosis in Avian Cells
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アポトーシスにおける細孔径の動態制御による複合的な体積膨張

Estelle Bastien1,2, Guillaume Duprez1, Hélène Delanoë-Ayari1

  • 1Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69100, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

アポトーシスは細胞の膨張と破裂を伴う。この研究は、ガスダーミンD（GSDMD）の細孔拡大とニンジュリン-1（Ninj1）の活性化によって制御されるアポトーシス中の体積プラトーの過渡期を明らかにし、溶解性細胞死のメカニズムを解明する。

キーワード:
細胞死細胞体積調節膜透過性アポトーシス

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Author Spotlight: Characterizing Porous Materials for Aiding the Development of Robust Metal-Organic Frameworks with Adsorption Behavior
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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学、生物物理学、炎症研究

背景:

  • アポトーシスは、細胞膨張と膜破裂を特徴とする炎症促進性細胞死経路である。以前の研究では二つの膨張期が同定されていたが、根本的な分子および生物物理学的メカニズムは不明であった。

研究 の 目的:

  • アポトーシスにおける二段階膨張プロセスを駆動する分子および生物物理学的メカニズムを解明すること。ガスダーミンD（GSDMD）細孔ダイナミクスとニンジュリン-1（Ninj1）のアポトーシス体積調節における役割を調査すること。

主な方法:

  • 細胞体積ダイナミクスを観察するために、高速定量的顕微鏡検査を利用した。イオンポンプとリークのダイナミクスを細孔形成と統合した物理モデルを開発した。実験的にGSDMD細孔拡大とNinj1活性化を調節した。

主要な成果:

  • 持続的な膜透過性にもかかわらず、膨張期の間に一時的な細胞体積プラトーを同定した。ガスダーミンD（GSDMD）の細孔拡大ダイナミクスが、ニンジュリン-1（Ninj1）によって調節され、このプラトーを制御することを実証した。Ninj1は第二膨張期に不可欠であり、GSDMD細孔の流体力学的半径は約1.9 nmであることを示した。

結論:

  • アポトーシスによる体積調節不全は、逐次的なGSDMDとNinj1の作用から生じ、異なる透過性状態を作り出す。これらの発見は、溶解性細胞死における分子イベントと生物物理学的変化を結びつける。炎症と疾患における膜破裂の理解を深める。