乳児期の腸内細菌叢の進化：最近の進歩

Ana Enríquez-Belenguer¹, Eduard Flores Ventura, Anna Valls-Verdoy

¹Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.

Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care

|January 23, 2026

まとめ

乳児期の腸内細菌叢は、母親要因と宿主調節の影響を受けて動的に発達します。この微生物の進化を理解することは、乳児栄養と小児医療を変革するための鍵となります。

科学分野:

微生物学
発生生物学
遺伝学

背景:

早期の腸内細菌叢は、出生からの急速な集合と進化を経る動的な生態系です。
初期の微生物発達は、母親の微生物叢、分娩様式、授乳、および遺伝学の影響を受ける宿主調節プロセスです。

研究の目的:

早期の腸内細菌叢の集合と進化の理解における進歩をレビューすること。
初期発達における宿主微生物相互作用の共進化的な性質を強調すること。

主な方法:

最近の高解像度シーケンスおよび縦断的多層的データのリビュー。
母体胎児微生物シグナリングおよびヒト母乳オリゴ糖の役割に関する研究の分析。

主要な成果:

微生物の適応、集合、株の伝達、および水平遺伝子伝達の詳細な観察。
代謝物および細胞外小胞を介した母体胎児シグナリングの特定。
ヒト母乳オリゴ糖、ファージ、および移動遺伝要素の進化における役割の解明。

結論:

妊娠中、出産、母乳育児、および乳児期の微生物発達をカバーする進歩。
微生物の進化、臨床的意義、および人工知能の応用に関するさらなる研究が必要。
初期の微生物適応を理解することは、栄養、精密医療、および小児医療を変革できます。

キーワード:

帝王切開母乳育児食事乳児微生物叢

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