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関連する概念動画

Cell Potential and Free Energy02:58

Cell Potential and Free Energy

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Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Thus, a link can be predicted between cell potential, free energy change, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Cell potential can also be measured as the oxidant or the reducing strength, and similar acid-base strength measures are reflected in equilibrium...
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Thermodynamics: Chemical Potential and Activity01:10

Thermodynamics: Chemical Potential and Activity

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The effective concentration of a species in a solution can be expressed precisely in terms of its activity. Activity considers the effect of electrolytes present in the vicinity of the species of interest and depends on the ionic strength of the solution. The activity of a species is expressed as the product of molar concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
The thermodynamic equilibrium constant is more accurately defined in terms of activity rather than concentration.
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Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

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The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Potential Energy00:52

Potential Energy

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The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells
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VPS34-IN1はヒトCAL-1細胞におけるSTING依存性活性化を増強する

Paulo Antas1, Mariana D Machado1, Fátima Leite-Pinheiro1,2

  • 1Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.

Cellular & molecular biology letters
|January 24, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

VPS34-IN1はがん細胞に最小限の影響しか与えないが、Toll様受容体7シグナル伝達を阻害する。この化合物はSTINGを活性化し、I型インターフェロン産生を増強し、抗腫瘍免疫の可能性を示す。

キーワード:
BPDCNCL307化学療法免疫療法PtdIns 3-キナーゼSTINGI型インターフェロン

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Generation of Human CD40-activated B cells
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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 細胞生物学
  • 薬理学

背景:

  • Vacuolar protein sorting 34（VPS34）は、エンドソームダイナミクスに関与するキナーゼである。
  • VPS34阻害はがん治療として検討されている。
  • 芽細胞様樹状細胞腫瘍（BPDCN）は、まれな血液悪性腫瘍である。

研究 の 目的:

  • BPDCN細胞に対するVPS34-IN1の影響を調査すること。
  • Toll様受容体（TLR）およびインターフェロン遺伝子刺激因子（STING）シグナル伝達経路に対するVPS34-IN1の影響を評価すること。

主な方法:

  • BPDCN CAL-1細胞をVPS34-IN1で処理すること。
  • TLR7シグナル伝達阻害の分析。
  • STING経路活性化およびI型インターフェロン（IFN）産生の評価。

主要な成果:

  • VPS34-IN1はBPDCN CAL-1細胞に対して最小限の細胞毒性効果しか示さなかった。
  • VPS34-IN1はTLR7シグナル伝達を阻害したが、STINGを活性化した。
  • 2'3'-環状グアノシン一リン酸-アデノシン一リン酸（2'3'-cGAMP）に対する細胞応答の増強とI型IFN発現の増加が観察された。

結論:

  • VPS34-IN1はBPDCN細胞に対して直接的な毒性が限定的である。
  • VPS34-IN1はSTING活性化と相乗効果を発揮し、I型IFN発現を促進する。
  • VPS34-IN1は、I型IFN誘導を介して抗腫瘍免疫を増強する可能性を示す。