デング熱媒介生物の生息域拡大における生息地の質評価:複合指数尺度の利用
Muhammad Naeem1,2, Lei Zhu1, Nawaz Haider Bashir1
1College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering Qujing Normal University Qujing China.
Ecology and evolution
|January 26, 2026
まとめ
気候変動は病原媒介生物の生息域を拡大させ、ネッタイシマカ属の蚊(ネッタイシマカおよびヒトスジシマカ)のリスクを高めています。新しい複合指数尺度(CIS)は、多くの予測地域で生息地の質が向上していることを明らかにし、デング熱の伝播リスクを高めています。
科学分野:
- 生態学および環境科学
- 媒介感染症疫学
- 気候変動影響評価
背景:
- 気候変動は種の分布を変化させ、病原媒介生物の個体群とその地理的範囲に影響を与えています。
- 新たに利用可能になった地域における生息地の質の評価は、病原媒介生物のリスクを正確に評価するために不可欠です。
- 将来の気候シナリオ下での拡大範囲における蚊の個体群の長期的な生存可能性を理解することは、重要な研究課題です。
研究 の 目的:
- アジアにおける過去および将来の気候シナリオにおけるネッタイシマカおよびヒトスジシマカの生息地の適応度を予測し、生息地の質を定量化すること。
- 病原媒介生物の個体群に関連する生息地の質を精密に評価するための複合指数尺度(CIS)を導入し、検証すること。
- 蚊の生息地の適応度の変化に関連する病原伝播リスクの潜在的な増加を評価すること。
主な方法:
- MaxEntモデリングを利用して、過去および将来の気候シナリオ(SSP1-4)下でのネッタイシマカ属の生息地の適応度を予測しました。
- 生物気候学的適応度、生息地の変化、ニッチ幅、ニッチ位置、範囲シフトを組み込んだ複合指数尺度(CIS)を開発し、適用しました。
- 過去のベースラインと将来の予測を比較するために、≥0.5の適応度しきい値を使用して、脆弱な生息地の面積(km²)を定量化しました。
主要な成果:
- ネッタイシマカの過去の脆弱な生息地の面積は1,698,972 km²、ネッタイシマカは1,328,577 km²でした。
- 将来予測では、21世紀末までにネッタイシマカの脆弱で適した生息地の面積は1,991,596~2,220,554 km²、ネッタイシマカは1,589,240~1,734,846 km²に増加すると示唆されています。
- CISは、16シナリオ中12シナリオでネッタイシマカの生息地の質が向上し、16シナリオ中10シナリオでネッタイシマカの高い脆弱性を示し、脆弱なピクセル数と有意に関連していました。
結論:
- 複合指数尺度(CIS)は、生息地の質と関連する病原媒介生物のリスクを評価するための堅牢な尺度を提供します。
- ネッタイシマカおよびヒトスジシマカの適した生息地と質の高い生息地の増加予測は、デング熱の伝播リスクの上昇を示唆しています。
- 効果的な生息地の質評価は、気候変動が媒介感染症の動態に与える影響を予測し、軽減するために不可欠です。
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