エンド治療における高度な大規模言語モデルの臨床的意思決定支援
Jiahe Li1,2, Xian He1,3, Yong Wang4
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Journal of dental sciences
|January 26, 2026
まとめ
大規模言語モデル(LLM)は、エンド治療の意思決定支援に有望である。Claude 3.5が最も高い精度を示したが、複雑な臨床応用にはすべてのモデルで改良が必要である。
科学分野:
- 歯科における人工知能;臨床的意思決定支援システム;エンド治療研究
背景:
- 大規模言語モデル(LLM)は、臨床的意思決定支援に可能性を提供する。エンド治療の診断と治療計画への応用は、ほとんど未踏である。専門的なエンド治療の文脈におけるLLMの能力を評価することは極めて重要である。
研究 の 目的:
- 3つの高度なLLM(GPT-4o、Claude 3.5、Grok2)のエンド治療における意思決定パフォーマンスを評価する。理論、手順、複雑な症例を含む様々なエンド治療トピックにおけるLLMの精度を評価する。エンド治療における現在のLLMの強みと限界を特定する。
主な方法:
- 27のエンド治療トピックを網羅する421の多肢選択問題からなる包括的な質問バンクを開発した。質問には、理論的知識、手順、35の複雑な臨床症例シナリオが含まれた。3つのLLM(GPT-4o、Claude 3.5、Grok2)を標準化されたプロンプトを使用してテストし、トピック別に層別化された精度でパフォーマンスを測定した。
主要な成果:
- Claude 3.5は全体で73.39%と最も高い精度を達成し、次いでGrok2(66.27%)、GPT-4o(46.32%)となった。Grok2は複雑なエンド治療症例の分析において69.57%の精度で優れたパフォーマンスを示した。モデルは薬理学や構造機能などの理論的な分野では良好な成績を収めたが、複雑なシナリオや手順技術には苦戦した。
結論:
- LLMは、エンド治療の意思決定支援ツールとして大きな可能性を示している。効果的な臨床統合のためには、さらなるドメイン固有の改良と検証が必要である。LLMは、複雑な状況において専門的なエンド治療の判断を補完することはできるが、代替することはできない。
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