関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

非有意な主要転帰のコミュニケーションにおける歪曲：多発性硬化症試験におけるスピン戦略

Marta Mascareñas-García^1,2, Alejandro Rivero-de-Aguilar^1,3, Cristina Candal-Pedreira^1,4,5

¹Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Rúa San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Annals of neurology

|January 26, 2026

要旨

Objective:

Spin refers to reporting strategies that highlight the benefits of an experimental treatment or divert attention from nonsignificant primary outcomes. To assess spin in randomized clinic trials (RCTs) on pharmaceutical efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS) and explore associated factors.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted in MedLine (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane using database-specific thesauri ("Multiple Sclerosis" and "Drug Therapy") to identify relevant studies. We included multiple sclerosis phase 3 and 4 randomized controlled trials with parallel, superiority designs that were published between 2013 and 2024 reporting nonsignificant primary outcomes. Spin was assessed in title, abstract conclusion, results, discussion, and conclusions. A descriptive analysis was followed by exploratory bivariate logistic regression. Independent variables included trial phase, sample size, drug type, comparison, follow-up time, registration, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) mention, risk of bias (RoB2), journal quartile, first author affiliation, and conflict of interest.

Results:

Forty articles met inclusion criteria. Spin appeared in at least one section in 25 articles (62.5%) and in 3 or more in 19 articles (47.5%). The most frequent locations were abstract conclusions, discussion, and conclusions. Spin was significantly associated with smaller sample size (odds ratio [OR] = 7.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29-37.91, p = 0.024), non-Q1 journals (OR = 4.38, 95% CI = 1.03-18.63, p = 0.046), and first author affiliation outside Europe or the United States (OR = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.15-22.62, p = 0.032).

Interpretation:

Spin is common in MS randomized controlled trials with nonsignificant primary outcomes and may mislead clinical decisions. ANN NEUROL 2026.

キーワード:

スピン多発性硬化症臨床試験報告バイアス非有意な転帰

さらに関連する動画

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

関連する概念動画

Communication

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.

Communication

Communication

Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...