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退役軍人向け技能看護施設における入院後ケアの変化:コホート分析
Robert E Burke1,2,3, Tom Cidav4, Andrew Tjader5
1Center for Healthcare Evaluation Research and Promotion, Corporal Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Robert.Burke5@va.gov.
Journal of general internal medicine
|January 26, 2026
まとめ
政策更新およびCOVID-19パンデミック後、退役軍人の技能看護施設(SNF)利用は著しく変化した。Medicare支払いによる非VA SNFが最も一般的であるが、転帰は施設タイプによって異なる。
科学分野:
- 老年医学
- 医療サービス研究
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 米国の退役軍人人口は高齢化しており、技能看護施設(SNF)への需要が増加している。
- 高齢退役軍人のニーズを満たすためには、SNF利用動向の理解が不可欠である。
研究 の 目的:
- 2018年MISSION法およびCOVID-19パンデミックの前後に、入院後の退役軍人におけるSNF利用の変化を調査すること。
- SNF選択に影響を与える要因を特定し、異なるSNFタイプ間での転帰を比較すること。
主な方法:
- 2015年から2022年にかけてSNFに入院した66歳以上の退役軍人140万人以上を対象とした後ろ向きコホート研究。
- SNF利用動向、SNFタイプの選択に影響を与える要因、および患者転帰の分析。
- VAコミュニティリビングセンター(CLC)、VA支払い契約看護施設(CNH)、およびMedicare支払い非VA SNFの転帰の比較。
主要な成果:
- Medicare支払いによる非VA SNFへの移行が90%を占めた。CLCおよびCNHはそれぞれ5.8%、4.2%を占めた。
- CNHの利用は2019年以降増加したが、COVID-19中のSNF全体の利用は急激に減少した。
- VA病院は退役軍人をVA SNFへ、非VA病院は非VA SNFへ誘導した。CLCは再入院率が高かったが、死亡率は低かった。
- CNHは中央値滞在期間が長く、長期ケアの割合が高かった。
結論:
- MISSION法およびCOVID-19の後、退役軍人のSNF利用パターンは進化し、SNFタイプによって異なる転帰を示した。
- 本研究結果は、入院後ケアへのアクセス、質、および高齢退役軍人のコストに病院特性と政策がどのように影響するかを分析する必要性を強調している。
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