低気圧性暴風雨が南極海の一酸化二窒素排出を促進する
Colette L Kelly1, Bonnie X Chang2, Andrea F Emmanuelli3,4
1Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA. colette.kelly@whoi.edu.
Nature communications
|January 26, 2026
まとめ
強力な温室効果ガスである一酸化二窒素の海洋排出量を測定することは困難である。新しい機械学習手法により、南極海の暴風雨がこれらの排出量を大幅に増加させ、世界の温室効果ガス収支に影響を与えることが明らかになった。
科学分野:
- 海洋学
- 大気化学
- 気候科学
背景:
- 亜酸化窒素(N2O)は、重要な温室効果ガスであり、オゾン層破壊物質である。
- 海洋からのN2O排出量は、時空間的な変動性が高いため定量化が困難である。
- 南極海は、低気圧性暴風雨の影響を受ける、空気と海の間のガス交換の重要な地域である。
研究 の 目的:
- 暴風雨の影響を考慮した南極海からの亜酸化窒素排出量の定量化。
- 世界のN2O収支における海洋の役割の推定値の改善。
- 海洋生物地球化学研究のための新しいデータソースの活用。
主な方法:
- 生物地球化学的アルゴフロートデータに機械学習アルゴリズムを適用した。
- N2O濃度と空気と海の間の勾配をフロート観測から導出した。
- 低気圧性暴風雨システムがN2Oフラックスに及ぼす影響を分析した。
主要な成果:
- 機械学習により、アルゴフロートからのN2O観測値の導出に成功した。
- 低気圧性暴風雨がN2O排出のホットスポットとして特定された。
- 暴風雨を考慮に入れると、推定年間南極海N2Oフラックスが88%増加した。
結論:
- 南極海の世界のN2O排出量への寄与は、以前推定されていたよりも大きい。
- 暴風雨は、空気と海の間のN2O勾配と排出量を著しく増強する。
- 南極海は、以前想定されていたよりも弱い温室効果ガスの吸収源である可能性がある。
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