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関連する概念動画

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

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実験的環境適応における遺伝子発現進化の再現性

Jiachen Li1,2, Jianzhi Zhang3

  • 1Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Nature communications
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

進化的な適応は驚くほど再現性があります。実験室での実験により、遺伝子発現の変化は、偶然ではなく、環境特異的な選択によって駆動され、複数の集団間で予測可能であることが示されています。

キーワード:
進化生物学ゲノム科学分子生物学遺伝子発現適応再現性実験室進化環境選択

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科学分野:

  • 進化生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 進化における偶然と必然性のバランスを理解することは、重要な問いです。
  • 実験室進化研究は、進化の再現性を調査するための制御された環境を提供します。

研究 の 目的:

  • 複数の種と環境にわたる遺伝子発現進化の再現性を評価すること。
  • 遺伝子発現における予測可能な進化の変化を環境選択がどの程度駆動するかを決定すること。

主な方法:

  • 6種（原核生物1種、真核生物5種）を含む10の実験室進化研究からのトランスクリプトームデータの分析。
  • 22の異なる環境にわたる182,103の遺伝子発現特性の調査。
  • 同じ環境内および異なる環境内での複製進化と、突然変異蓄積実験との比較。

主要な成果:

  • 遺伝子発現の進化は、偶然の期待値を10〜100標準偏差超える高い再現性を示しました。
  • 発現進化における調和は、主に環境特異的な選択によって駆動されました。
  • より多くの転写因子によって調節される遺伝子は、より再現性の高い発現進化を示しました。

結論:

  • 表現型の進化、特に遺伝子発現は、環境適応中に非常に再現性が高く決定論的です。
  • これは、しばしば再現性のない遺伝子型進化の性質とは対照的です。
  • 環境特異的な選択は、予測可能な進化の軌跡を形成する上で重要な役割を果たします。