グランザイムB模倣ナノザイムを用いたナノ小胞標的抗がん剤応用
Xueyan Hu1,2,3,4, Qiqi Liu1,5, Helong Kang1
1Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Frontiers Science Centre for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Nature communications
|January 26, 2026
まとめ
研究者らは、細胞傷害性T細胞のグランザイムB(GrB)活性を模倣する人工酵素(ナノザイム)を開発した。このナノザイムはがん細胞のアポトーシスを誘導し、固形がんに対する新規治療戦略を提供するものである。
科学分野:
- 生化学
- ナノテクノロジー
- 免疫療法
背景:
- 細胞傷害性T細胞は、がん細胞のアポトーシス誘導にグランザイムB(GrB)を利用し、抗腫瘍免疫において重要な役割を果たす。
- GrB様送達システムを用いたT細胞ベースの免疫療法の模倣は、有望であるが挑戦的な治療アプローチである。
研究 の 目的:
- GrB様プロテアーゼ活性を持つ新規人工メタロエンザイム(ナノザイム)をがん治療用に作成すること。
- 腫瘍細胞への標的送達とアポトーシス誘導のためのナノ送達システムを開発すること。
主な方法:
- ヒト重鎖アポフェリチンナノケージにパラジウム(Pd(II))イオンを部位特異的に結合させ、二核触媒中心を形成することにより、ナノザイムを設計した。
- 標的送達のために単鎖抗体をディスプレイした脂質ナノ粒子内にPd-フェリチン複合体を封入した。
主要な成果:
- ナノザイムはGrB様プロテアーゼ活性を示し、がん細胞におけるカスパーゼ依存性アポトーシスを誘導した。
- ナノザイムベースのナノ小胞は、受容体を介した腫瘍細胞細胞質への送達を達成した。
- T細胞を介した細胞傷害性を模倣し、抗がん療法への応用可能性を示した。
結論:
- 本研究は、がん治療のための人工GrB活性を持つ新規ナノザイムを提示する。
- このナノ送達システムは、アポトーシスを誘導することにより、固形がんの治療選択肢として有望視される。
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