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Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions02:17

Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions

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Synthesis and decomposition are two types of redox reactions. Synthesis means to make something, whereas decomposition means to break something. The reactions are accompanied by chemical and energy changes. 
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Light as Energy01:35

Light as Energy

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The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light— typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.
Photons
A photon is a discrete electromagnetic particle or bundle of energy. Photons are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, similar to the properties of a wave. Waves with higher frequencies transmit more energy and have shorter wavelengths than longer wavelengths that transmit...
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What is Energy?04:10

What is Energy?

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free Energy01:21

Free Energy

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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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尿管分割のための二重エネルギーCT二物質分解を用いたトレーニングデータの生成

Dae Chul Jung1, Jungwook Lee2, Seungsoo Lee3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Journal of imaging informatics in medicine
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

二重エネルギーCT(DECT)は、二物質分解を用いた尿管分節化のためのトレーニングデータを効果的に生成します。非造影CT尿管分節化には有望ですが、外部検証では性能が限定的であることが示されました。

キーワード:
深層学習二重エネルギーX線CT画像セグメンテーション尿管仮想非造影画像

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科学分野:

  • 医用画像処理;放射線科における人工知能;泌尿器科画像処理

背景:

  • 正確な尿管分節化は、様々な泌尿器科疾患の診断と管理に不可欠です。深層学習モデルは、効果的なトレーニングのために、大規模で高品質なデータセットを必要とします。特に非造影CTにおける尿管の分節マスクの生成は、課題となっています。

研究 の 目的:

  • 二重エネルギーCT(DECT)ベースの二物質分解を使用して、尿管分節化のためのトレーニングデータを作成する実現可能性を評価すること。DECT由来の仮想非造影(VUE)画像を使用して、尿管分節化のための深層学習モデルを開発および評価すること。

主な方法:

  • DECT尿路造影を受けた180人の患者を対象とした後向き研究。二物質分解を用いて、後期排泄相(LEP)DECT画像から仮想非造影(VUE)画像を合成しました。LEP画像上で正解分節マスクを生成し、VUE画像とペアにしてトレーニングデータセットを形成しました。深層学習モデル(nnU-Netフレームワーク)を内部および外部データセットでトレーニングおよび検証しました。

主要な成果:

  • 内部テストデータセットは高いパフォーマンスを達成しました:中央値ダイス係数0.89、適合率0.90、再現率0.88。外部検証では、中央値ダイス係数0.43、再現率0.28と限定的なパフォーマンスを示しましたが、適合率は高かったです(0.95)。すべての指標で、内部および外部検証データセット間で統計的に有意な差(P < 0.01)が観察されました。

結論:

  • DECTベースの二物質分解は、尿管分節化のためのトレーニングデータを生成するための実行可能な方法です。このアプローチは、外部検証における限界にもかかわらず、非造影CTスキャンでの尿管分節化の可能性を示しています。一般化可能性と臨床的適用性を向上させるためには、さらなる研究と多施設検証が必要です。