カナダにおける薬物被害:多基準意思決定分析
Jean-François Crépault1, Cayley Russell1, Mark Asbridge2
1Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|January 27, 2026
まとめ
カナダにおける多基準意思決定分析(MCDA)により、アルコールが最も集団レベルの薬物被害を引き起こし、次いでタバコと処方箋外オピオイドであることが明らかになった。これは、個人および社会への影響の両方を考慮した、より良い薬物政策の必要性を強調している。
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 薬理学
- 医療政策
背景:
- 多基準意思決定分析(MCDA)は、世界的に薬物被害を定量化するための確立された方法である。
- 以前のMCDA研究は、英国、EU、オーストラリア、およびニュージーランドで実施されている。
研究 の 目的:
- カナダの文脈における薬物被害のMCDAを実施すること。
- カナダの薬物政策立案に情報を提供すること。
- 異なる薬物がもたらす相対的な被害についての一般の理解を深めること。
主な方法:
- 6つのカナダの州の20人の専門家パネルが参加した。
- 16の薬物が、16の被害次元(10の個人、6の社会)にわたって評価された。
- 専門家は、2日間の会議中に各薬物と被害基準にスコアを付け、重み付けを行った。
主要な成果:
- アルコールが全体として最も有害な薬物であると特定された(加重スコア:79)。
- タバコ(45)、処方箋外オピオイド(33)、コカイン(19)、メタンフェタミン(19)、および大麻(15)が続いた。
- 結果は、以前の国際的なMCDA薬物被害評価と一致している。
結論:
- 被害スコアは、薬物薬理学と現在の政策の影響を受けた集団レベルの影響を反映している。
- アルコールの高いスコアは、その重大な被害に対処する上での政策の失敗を示している。
- 政府は、薬物政策を策定する際に、薬物誘発性の被害と政策誘発性の被害の両方を考慮すべきである。
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