コロンビアにおけるクリプトコッカス症:2017年から2024年までの検査室ベースサーベイランスデータの分析
Jairo Lizarazo1, Clara Inés Agudelo2, Patricia Escandón2
1Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Cúcuta 540003, Norte de Santander, Colombia.
Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 27, 2026
まとめ
コロンビアにおけるクリプトコッカス症の発生率は全体として低いものの、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)陽性者の間では高い。本研究は、HIV陽性者の減少と、他の免疫抑制状態にある高齢者の増加を伴う疫学の変化を明らかにする。
科学分野:
- 感染症
- 疫学
- mycology
背景:
- クリプトコッカス症は、特に免疫不全者を罹患させる重篤な真菌感染症です。
- コロンビアは1997年からクリプトコッカス症に関する長期的な検査室ベースの調査を実施しています。
- 現在の疫学的傾向を理解することは、公衆衛生介入にとって不可欠です。
研究 の 目的:
- 2017年から2024年までのコロンビアにおけるクリプトコッカス症の疫学的特徴を分析すること。
- 危険因子、患者人口統計、真菌種の経時的変化を特定すること。
- 診断および治療戦略に情報を提供すること。
主な方法:
- 2017年から2024年までの891件の検査室で確認されたクリプトコッカス症の調査の分析。
- HIVステータス別に層別化された発生率の計算。
- 真菌種および分子パターンの同定。
主要な成果:
- 全体的な発生率は10万人あたり0.22人、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)陽性者の発生率は10万人あたり38人でした。男性(3.2:1)で有病率が高い。HIV陽性の若年成人(26~40歳)対、HIV陰性の高齢者(60歳以上)。;HIVが主な危険因子(63%)であり、次いでその他の免疫抑制(21.2%)でした。神経クリプトコッカス症(62.2%)と播種性疾患(31.1%)が一般的でした。;クリプトコッカス・ネオフォルマンス(93.1%)はクリプトコッカス・ガッティ(6.9%)よりも優勢でした。VNI(92.4%)とVGII(45.3%)が優勢な分子型でした。
結論:
- コロンビアのクリプトコッカス症の疫学は、高齢者の非HIV関連免疫抑制へと移行しています。
- 本研究結果は、継続的なサーベイランスと改善された診断の必要性を強調しています。
- 公衆衛生戦略は、変化する危険因子と患者集団に適応する必要があります。
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