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イネにおける効率的かつ汎用的なゲノム編集のための超コンパクトIscBヌクレアーゼの工学的改良

Jiahui Zhu1,2, Yuying Li1, Cao Yu1,2

  • 1College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.

Genome biology
|January 28, 2026
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まとめ

研究者らは、イネにおける効率的なゲノム編集のために、新規の小型ゲノム編集システムであるIscB（Insertion sequences Cas9-like OrfB）を開発した。このIscBツールキットは高い特異性と汎用性を示し、作物育種への応用を大きく前進させる。

キーワード:
塩基編集ゲノム編集IscBミニチュアCasイネ

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学; バイオテクノロジー; 植物科学

背景:

  • IscB（Insertion sequences Cas9-like OrfB）は、新規の小型RNA誘導ヌクレアーゼです。工学的に改良されたIscBバリアントは、哺乳類のゲノム編集において可能性を示しています。真核生物における天然IscBの効率は限定的であり、最適化が必要です。

研究 の 目的:

  • イネにおける効率的なゲノム編集のための高活性IscBバリアントのスクリーニングと特定。IscBスキャフォールドからの汎用的な塩基エディター（CBEおよびABE）の開発。作物改良のためのIscBシステムの有用性の向上。

主な方法:

  • イネゲノム編集のためのIscBバリアント（enOgeuIscBおよびωRNA-v13を含む）のスクリーニング。IscBベースのシトシン塩基エディター（CBE）およびアデニン塩基エディター（ABE）の開発とテスト。塩基編集のためのデアミナーゼ活性（Sdd7 vs. APOBEC3A）およびTadA8e融合の評価。

主要な成果:

  • pIscB-v3システムは、10個の内在性イネ標的全体で平均17.61%の編集効率を達成しました。T0世代で最大83.33%の高い編集効率と、相当数のホモ接合およびバイアレル変異が観察されました。Sdd7デアミナーゼを利用したIscB-CBEは、ヒトAPOBEC3Aを上回る効果的なC-to-T変換（最大47.92%）を示しました。TadA8e融合戦略により、アデニン塩基エディター活性が向上しました。

結論:

  • IscBシステムは、小型植物ゲノム編集ツールキットの開発のための堅牢な機能を提供します。工学的に改良されたIscBバリアントは、効率的かつ汎用的な作物育種を大幅に促進します。本研究は、IscBを農業バイオテクノロジーを進歩させるための強力なツールとして確立します。