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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Quantitative Microtubule Fractionation Technique to Separate Stable Microtubules, Labile Microtubules, and Free Tubulin in Mouse Tissues

Quantitative Microtubule Fractionation Technique to Separate Stable Microtubules, Labile Microtubules, and Free Tubulin in Mouse Tissues

Published on: November 17, 2023

微小管ベースの輸送および細胞機能におけるチューブリンアイソフォームとその翻訳後修飾の新たな役割

Aishwarya R Nair¹, Nived Saroj¹, Ambarish Kunwar¹

¹Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.

|January 28, 2026

Abstract:

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical polymers made up of tubulin. This heterodimeric protein, tubulin, exists in multiple forms: tubulin isotypes and tubulin isoforms. Distinct α- and β-tubulin genes give rise to tubulin isotypes, which differ in their amino acid sequences and cellular expression patterns. The tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) encode regulatory information within the microtubule lattice, modifying its biophysical characteristics and shaping interactions with motor proteins and microtubule-associated proteins. Different tubulin isotype compositions and post-translational modification patterns generate distinct tubulin isoforms. These isoforms are tissue-specific and regulate the functions of microtubules in specialized cells and cellular components such as cilia. Tubulin isoforms control cellular transport, regulate mechanosensitivity and shape the cytoskeleton, impacting the cellular functions and homeostasis. This review discusses the tubulin PTMs, including acetylation, methylation, palmitoylation, polyamination, glutamylation, glycylation, tyrosination, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination, with emphasis on how isotype diversity and PTM-driven regulation together modulate microtubule behaviour, intracellular transport, and cellular functions.

キーワード:

微小管翻訳後修飾チューブリンアイソフォームチューブリンアイソタイプ

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