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関連する概念動画

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

196.5K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
196.5K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

11.4K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
11.4K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

24.8K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
24.8K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.5K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.5K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

26.4K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
26.4K
Acid-Base Balance01:25

Acid-Base Balance

2.5K
The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
When the pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, it results in a condition called alkalosis. Conversely, a drop below 7.35 leads to...
2.5K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
10:41

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers

Published on: June 24, 2019

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ColiFormer: 複数の目的をバランスさせ、E. coli の遺伝子発現を強化するためのトランスフォーマーベースのコドン最適化モデル

Saketh Baddam1, Omar Emam2, Abdelrahman Elfikky3

  • 1Cedar Falls High School, Cedar Falls, IA 50613, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

ColiFormer は、E. coli におけるタンパク質生産を向上させるための遺伝子配列を最適化する新しい AI ツールです。複数の生物学的要因のバランスをとり、計算テストで既存の方法を上回っています。

キーワード:
大腸菌GC含量制御拡張ラグランジュ最適化コドン適応指数 (CAI)コドン最適化多目的最適化組換えタンパク質生産

さらに関連する動画

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain

Published on: July 12, 2012

19.3K
Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
10:34

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
10:41

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers

Published on: June 24, 2019

8.8K
Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain

Published on: July 12, 2012

19.3K
Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
10:34

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

16.0K

科学分野:

  • 合成生物学
  • バイオインフォマティクス
  • 計算生物学

背景:

  • コドン最適化は、大腸菌 における異種遺伝子発現を強化します。
  • 既存の方法では、コドン適応指数 (CAI) のみを優先し、重要な生物学的文脈を見落とすことがよくあります。

研究 の 目的:

  • ColiFormer、コドン最適化のための新しいトランスフォーマーベースのフレームワークを導入します。
  • 複数の生物学的パラメータを同時に考慮して遺伝子発現を改善します。

主な方法:

  • 3676 の高発現 E. coli 遺伝子でトランスフォーマーモデル (ColiFormer) をファインチューニングしました。
  • 自己注意メカニズムと拡張ラグランジュ最適化を利用しました。
  • CAI、GC 含量、tRNA 適応指数 (tAI)、RNA 安定性、およびシス調節要素のバランスを取りました。

主要な成果:

  • ColiFormer は、in silico 評価で CAI および tAI 値が向上しました。
  • 最適な GC 含量を維持し、阻害的なシス調節モチーフを減らしました。
  • 計算ベンチマークで、競合する実行時間で確立された方法を上回りました。

結論:

  • ColiFormer は、コドン最適化へのより包括的なアプローチを提供します。
  • 計算予測は、遺伝子発現強化の大きな可能性を示唆しています。
  • このツールとデータセットは、さらなる研究と検証のためにオープンソースです。