顔面神経再建術における咬筋動脈を用いた咬筋神経のナビゲーション
Stefan Rössler1,2, Wolfgang Zemann3, Niels Hammer1,4,5
1Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|January 28, 2026
まとめ
咬筋動脈(Ma)は、咬筋(Mm)の近くで咬筋神経(Mn)と共に咬筋内に進入することが多い。それらの関係を理解することは顔面神経再建術に役立つが、咬筋動脈は
科学分野:
- 解剖学
- 手術解剖学
- 頭頸部解剖学
背景:
- 咬筋動脈(Ma)は、咬筋神経(Mn)と共に下顎切痕を介して咬筋(Mm)に進入する。
- Maの筋内走行とそのMnとの関係に関する詳細な知識は限られている。
- 一貫した解剖学的関係は、顔面神経再建術およびMnの超音波局在化に役立つ可能性がある。
研究 の 目的:
- 咬筋動脈(Ma)の筋内走行を調査すること。
- 咬筋(Mm)内の咬筋動脈(Ma)と咬筋神経(Mn)の関係を明らかにすること。
- Maを筋内方向指示およびMnの間接的な局在化に利用する可能性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- Thiel法で固定された死後個体60例(年齢54〜99歳)の頭蓋半分の検査。
- 咬筋動脈(Ma)の筋内分岐パターンと咬筋神経(Mn)との空間的関係の分析。
- 咬筋(Mm)内での咬筋動脈(Ma)の終末走行の分類。
主要な成果:
- 咬筋動脈(Ma)の咬筋(Mm)内での終末走行には4つのタイプ(タイプ0(5%)、タイプ1上部1/3(48.3%)、タイプ2中部1/3(41.7%)、タイプ3下部1/3(5%))が同定された。
- Maは一貫して咬筋神経(Mn)の下方、および85%の症例でわずかに後方に咬筋(Mm)内に進入した。
- Maの本幹は、それぞれ31.7%および23.3%の症例で、咬筋(Mm)の上部および中部1/3でMnを横切った。
- より小さな枝は45%の症例でMnを横切った。
結論:
- 存在する場合、咬筋動脈(Ma)は、下顎切痕を介した咬筋神経(Mn)の方向指示および間接的な局在化のための筋内ランドマークとして機能することができる。
- 咬筋動脈(Ma)が咬筋(Mm)の下部1/3に達する範囲は限られているため、Mnを局在化するための遠位筋内方向指示には適さない。
- 本研究の結果は、咬筋神経(Mn)が関与する顔面神経再建術を行う外科医にとって貴重な解剖学的洞察を提供する。
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