地域居住高齢者におけるサルコペニアおよびフレイルの簡便な2段階スクリーニングアルゴリズム:人口ベースの横断的研究

Silvana Mirella Aliberti1, Antonio Menini2, Anna Maria Sacco2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed

サルコペニアと身体的フレイルは、互いに密接に関連し、高齢者に併発しやすい老年症候群であり、共通の病理生理学的経路を共有しています。しかし、地域社会における早期発見は、リソースの制約や、簡便で拡張性のある診断ツールの不足によって制限されています。本横断研究の目的は、実際の公衆衛生スクリーニングプログラムにおいて、サルコペニアとフレイルの有病率および重複率を推定し、実用的かつ2段階のアルゴリズムの診断性能を評価することでした。2025年9月、65歳以上の地域在住成人256名を対象に、SARC-F質問票、握力計、および選択的な生物学的インピーダンス分析(BIA)を用いて標準化された評価を実施しました。サルコペニアは2019年EWGSOP2基準に基づき、フレイルはFriedフェノタイプに基づき定義しました。その結果、確定サルコペニアが37名(14.5%、95% CI 10.7-19.1%)、フレイルが31名(12.1%, 95% CI 8.6-16.7%)に認められ、両者の間にはかなりの重複が見られました(フレイル個人の77.4%がサルコペニアを併発しており、Cohen's κ = 0.62)。2段階アルゴリズム(ステップ1:SARC-F ≥ 4、ステップ2:スクリーニング陽性者のみ握力測定およびBIAを実施)は、確定サルコペニアに対して優れた精度を示し(AUC 0.913, 95% CI 0.871-0.955)、感度91.9%、特異度81.3%となり、BIAの使用回数を53.9%削減しました。確定サルコペニアと独立して関連していた要因には、高齢および BMI < 22 kg/m² が含まれていました。2、身体活動の低下、および高いSARC-Fスコア。機能中心の簡便な2段階アプローチにより、地域社会におけるサルコペニアおよびフレイルの効率的かつ拡張可能な特定が可能となり、身体機能を維持するための早期予防戦略を支援します。

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