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What is Variation?01:14

What is Variation?

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Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Variation01:19

Variation

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An important characteristic of any set of data is the variation in the data. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in other data sets, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean. The most common measure of variation, or spread, is the standard deviation, which is the square root of variance.
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Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

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Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
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Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
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エンテロウイルスD68の配列変異と病原性：レビュー

Yi Zhu1, Liting Wang1, Jun Shen1

  • 1Infectious Disease Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China.

Viruses
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

エンテロウイルスD68（EV-D68）のゲノム変異は、重症疾患やアウトブレイクを引き起こす能力に影響を与えます。VP1のような主要領域の突然変異を監視することは、将来の流行を予測し、準備するために重要です。

キーワード:
エンテロウイルスD68ゲノム変異非構造タンパク質病原性構造タンパク質

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科学分野:

  • ウイルス学; ゲノミクス; 疫学

背景:

  • エンテロウイルスD68（EV-D68）は、小児の急性弛緩性脊髄炎（AFM）および重症呼吸器疾患に関連する神経向性呼吸器ウイルスです。; 2014年以降に注目されているEV-D68の繰り返しの流行は、その病原性因子の理解の必要性を強調しています。; ゲノム決定因子は、宿主との相互作用、免疫回避、および複製に影響を与えることにより、EV-D68の病原性を大きく変化させます。

研究 の 目的:

  • EV-D68の病原性を高めるゲノム部位を体系的にレビューすること。; VP1受容体結合部位、2Apro/TRAF3切断部位、および3Cpro免疫調節領域の重要な領域に焦点を当てること。; アウトブレイク対策のために重要な病原性決定因子の監視を提案すること。

主な方法:

  • EV-D68のゲノム変異に関する系統的文献レビュー。; VP1、2Apro/TRAF3、および3Cpro領域の突然変異の分析。; 配列変異と宿主受容体相互作用、免疫回避、および複製効率との相関。

主要な成果:

  • VP1部位の変異は、宿主受容体（シアル酸、ヘパラン硫酸、MFSD6）への親和性を変化させ、ウイルスの侵入とトロピズムに影響を与えます。; 2Apro/TRAF3切断部位の変化は、TRAF3の切断を妨げることで免疫回避を低下させ、病原性を低下させる可能性があります。; 3Cpro領域の変異は、翻訳とオートファジーに関与する宿主タンパク質の切断に影響を与えることで、ウイルス複製と抗ウイルス応答を調節します。

結論:

  • VP1、2Apro/TRAF3、および3Cproを含む特定のゲノム部位は、EV-D68の病原性にとって重要です。; これらの領域、特に表面に露出したVP1の突然変異を監視することは、効果的なアウトブレイク対策に不可欠です。; EV-D68の病原性のゲノム決定因子を理解することは、流行の管理と予防のための戦略を改善することができます。