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高齢者の嚥下障害に対する職業中心介入:概念実証研究
Tina Hansen1,2, Ulla Andersen2,3, Masumi Takeuchi Holm2
1Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy
|January 28, 2026
まとめ
ACTING(ACTivity-based Skill Training of INGestion)介入は、高齢者の嚥下機能を改善する可能性を示している。臨床実践への導入を最適化するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。
科学分野:
- 老年医学
- 作業療法
- リハビリテーション科学
背景:
- 加齢に伴う嚥下障害は、高齢者において重大な臨床的課題である。
- ACTING(ACTivity-based Skill Training of INGestion)介入は、職業中心のアプローチを用いて開発された。
- 大規模な実施の前に、ACTINGの現実世界での可能性を評価するためには、概念実証研究が不可欠である。
研究 の 目的:
- 高齢者の嚥下障害リハビリテーションにおけるACTING介入の臨床的有効性を評価すること。
- 地域のリハビリテーション作業療法現場におけるACTINGの実施忠実度を評価すること。
- 高齢者の食事タスクパフォーマンスと生活の質に対するACTINGの影響を探ること。
主な方法:
- 5人の参加者による概念実証的なケースシリーズデザイン。
- 食事タスクパフォーマンス、食事の多様性、知覚された変化を含む介入前後のアウトカム評価。
- 嚥下障害の重症度や生活の質などの二次的アウトカムと並行して、構造的およびプロセス的忠実度データの収集。
主要な成果:
- 全参加者が食事の多様性の増加を示した。
- 4人の参加者が臨床的に意味のある食事パフォーマンスと食事/飲用の知覚的改善を達成した。
- 二次的アウトカムにおいて改善の傾向が観察されたが、アウトカムのばらつきと一貫性のない忠実度が指摘された。
結論:
- ACTING介入は、地域における職業中心の嚥下障害リハビリテーションの可能性を示している。
- 実施忠実度と臨床医のトレーニングを強化するため、さらなる開発が推奨される。
- 介入提供方法の改善後、より大規模なテストが保証される。
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