地域における認知症プログラムを通じた医学生の治療から予防への視点の転換:変容学習理論に基づく質的研究
Ruiyu Huang1, Zhu Zhu1, Mei He2
1School of Continuing Education, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, China.
Frontiers in public health
|January 28, 2026
まとめ
地域における認知症プログラムを通じて、医学生は治療中心から予防中心の考え方に転換した。変容学習理論(TLT)はこの転換を導き、予防に焦点を当てたヘルスケアの役割への準備を高めた。
科学分野:
- 医学教育
- 公衆衛生
- 老年医学
背景:
- 予防医療は世界的な優先事項であるが、地域社会においては実施上のギャップが存在する。伝統的な医学教育は、特に認知症のような病状に対する地域ベースの予防ケアのために学生を十分に準備していない。認知症の蔓延に対処するためには、医学生が予防志向の実践へと移行することが不可欠である。
- Preventive healthcare is a global priority, but implementation gaps exist in community settings.; Traditional medical education inadequately prepares students for community-based preventive care, especially for conditions like dementia.; A shift towards prevention-oriented practice is crucial for medical students to address the rising prevalence of dementia.
研究 の 目的:
- 地域における認知症予防プログラムへの参加が、医学生の治療から予防への視点の転換をどのように促進したかを検討すること。この視点の転換を理解するための枠組みとして変容学習理論(TLT)を適用すること。
- To explore how medical students' participation in community dementia prevention programs facilitated a shift from curative to preventive perspectives.; To apply transformative learning theory (TLT) as a framework for understanding this perspective shift.
主な方法:
- 変容学習理論(TLT)に導かれた、半構造化面接を用いた質的記述デザイン。参加者は中国貴州省の医科大学の地域認知症予防プログラムの医学生21名であった。データの分析には、TLTによって導かれたブラウンとクラークの演繹的テーマ分析フレームワークを採用した。
- Qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews with 21 medical students.; Participants were from community dementia prevention programs at a medical university in Guizhou Province, China.; Data analysis employed Braun and Clarke's deductive thematic analysis framework guided by TLT.
主要な成果:
- 4つの主要なテーマが現れた:認知的覚醒と内省、スキル獲得、実践統合と役割再構築、そして個人的経験主導の予防医療覚醒。学生は役割認識の変容を示し、予防的知識とスキルを獲得し、予防を専門的アイデンティティに統合した。認知症の家族歴を含む個人的経験は、予防意識を著しく引き起こした。
- Four major themes emerged: cognitive awakening and reflection, skill acquisition, practice integration and role reconstruction, and personal experience-driven preventive healthcare awakening.; Students demonstrated a transformation in role perception, acquired preventive knowledge and skills, and integrated prevention into their professional identity.; Personal experiences, including family history of dementia, significantly triggered preventive awareness.
結論:
- 変容学習理論(TLT)に導かれた地域における認知症予防プログラムは、医学生の治療中心から予防中心のヘルスケアへのパラダイムシフトを促進する。医学教育者は、TLT、地域ベースの実践を統合し、学生の個人的経験を活用して批判的内省を育むべきである。このアプローチは、認知症ケアのための予防志向のチェンジエージェントとして将来の医療専門家を育成する。
- Community dementia prevention programs, guided by TLT, facilitate a paradigm shift in medical students from treatment-centered to prevention-focused healthcare.; Medical educators should integrate TLT, community-based practice, and leverage students' personal experiences to foster critical reflection.; This approach prepares future healthcare professionals as prevention-oriented change agents for dementia care.
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