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The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes02:40

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The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...
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外来種の定着と在来種の絶滅によって引き起こされる樹木の機能的シフト

Wen-Yong Guo1,2,3, Josep M Serra-Diaz4, Kun Guo5

  • 1Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming & Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China. guowyhgy@gmail.com.

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まとめ

人間の活動は樹木の絶滅と定着を引き起こし、成長の速い森林につながっています。このシフトは成長の遅い種を脅かし、生態系の安定性と炭素貯蔵に影響を与える可能性があります。

キーワード:
樹木生物多様性生態系気候変動保全

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科学分野:

  • 生態学
  • 生物多様性科学
  • 保全生物学

背景:

  • 人間の活動は、絶滅と外来種の拡散を通じて、世界の樹木の多様性を変化させています。
  • これらの変化は、生態系の構造、機能、安定性に重大な影響を与えます。
  • 異なる樹木種の形質と環境的ニッチを理解することは、将来の生態学的シフトを予測するために不可欠です。

研究 の 目的:

  • 世界中の30,001種の樹木の機能的形質と環境的ニッチを分析すること。
  • 定着種、脅かされている種、脅かされていない種を比較して、多様性のパターンを特定すること。
  • 絶滅と定着のシナリオが激化する下での樹木群集の将来の変化を予測すること。

主な方法:

  • 世界中の30,000種以上の樹木の機能的形質と環境的ニッチの分析。
  • 定着種、脅かされている種、脅かされていない種の比較分析。
  • 予測される絶滅率と定着率に基づいた樹木群集の将来の変化のモデリング。

主要な成果:

  • 将来の樹木豊かな生態系は、成長が速く、資源獲得性の高い種が優占すると予測されます。
  • 成長の遅い保守的な種は、絶滅リスクが高まります。
  • 定着した種は、より広範な機能的および環境的ニッチを示し、寒冷で変動しやすい気候で繁栄しますが、脅かされている種は、温暖で安定した栄養豊富な環境に特化しています。

結論:

  • 予測される定着は、局所的な機能的多様性を増加させる可能性がありますが、獲得戦略のため、長期的な生態系の安定性を低下させる可能性があります。
  • 絶滅は、特に変動しやすい気候において、機能的および環境的形質空間を収縮させると予想されます。
  • 成長の速い樹木群集に向けた加速する世界的な傾向があり、炭素貯蔵と生物多様性への影響を軽減するために、成長の遅い種を保全し、獲得性の高い種を管理する必要があります。