農薬の残留物は,土壌の分類学的および機能的な生物多様性を変化させます

J Köninger¹, M Labouyrie^2,3,4, C Ballabio²

¹Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.

Nature

|January 28, 2026

まとめ

農薬は,微生物,真菌,ネマトードに影響を及ぼし,土壌の生物多様性に大きな影響を与えます. この研究は,広範な非ターゲット効果を明らかにし,土壌の健康に対するよりよいリスク評価を必要とします.

科学分野:

環境科学環境科学
土壌生態学土壌生態学
生態毒理学エコトキシコロジ

背景:

農薬は,地球規模で土壌に多く存在しています.
土壌の生物多様性に対するその包括的な影響は十分に理解されていません.
土壌の生物多様性は,生態系の機能に不可欠です.

研究の目的:

63種類の農薬が様々な土壌生物や機能的な遺伝子に及ぼす影響を調査する.
異なるヨーロッパの風景における土壌の生物多様性パターンの原動力を決定する.
農薬が土壌生態系に及ぼす非標的効果を評価する.

主な方法:

欧州26カ国の373か所の農薬残留物と土壌の生物多様性の分析.
研究にアーカイア,バクテリア,真菌,原生体,ネマトード,節足類を含む.
栄養素の循環に関連した重要な機能的な遺伝子群の検討.

主要な成果:

調査対象地の70%で農薬残留物が見つかりました.
農薬は,土壌の性質に次いで,土壌の生物多様性に影響を与える2番目に重要な要因として特定されました.
変化した微生物の機能 (例えば,リンと窒素の循環) と,状菌根菌や細菌性線虫のような有益な種種の抑制を含む,生物体および機能特有の効果が観察されました.

結論:

農薬は,土壌の生物多様性に対して複雑で広範な非ターゲットの影響を及ぼします.
現在のリスク評価方法論は,機能的および分類学的データを含めるために強化する必要があるかもしれません.
土壌の生物多様性を保護するには,農薬の影響を全面的に理解する必要があります.

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