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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Masonry Cavity Walls

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Cavity walls feature a hollow space between the outer and inner wythes, connected only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. When water seeps through the outer wythe, it descends within this cavity, intercepted by flashing and eventually exiting through weep holes. To enhance moisture resistance, the inner wythe's cavity side often receives damp-proofing, doubling as an air barrier. The cavity can also house insulation to mitigate heat transfer.
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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洞穴ベースのX線源のレーザリング.

Patrick Rauer1, Immo Bahns2,3, Bertram Friedrich2

  • 1Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. patrick.rauer@desy.de.

Nature
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは,ダイヤモンド光学を用いた空洞ベースのX線自由電子レーザー (CBXFEL) を実証した. この突破により,スペクトル的に純粋で高強度のX線パルスが可能になり,先進的なX線科学の応用への道が開けました.

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関連する実験動画

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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

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Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation
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科学分野:

  • X線光学によるX線光学
  • 加速器の物理学について
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学

背景:

  • レーザーは可視光学に革命をもたらしたが,これをX線に拡張することは,増幅媒介と鏡で課題に直面した.
  • 現在のハードX線自由電子レーザー (XFEL) 装置は,高い明るさを生成しますが,騒音があり,多ピークの時間およびスペクトルプロファイルに苦しんでいます.
  • カビティベースのXFEL (CBXFEL) は,フィルターされたX線パルスを同期した空間に再循環させ,スペクトルの純度を向上させることを提案しました.

研究 の 目的:

  • 洞穴ベースのXFELセットアップでマルチパスゲインのレージングを実証する.
  • 加速器環境におけるX線共振器のためのダイヤモンドブラッグ光学の使用を検証する.
  • CBXFELがスペクトル的に純粋なX線パルスを生成する可能性を確立する.

主な方法:

  • ヨーロッパのXFELで132.8mのダイヤベースのラウンドトリップブラッグ腔を使用しました.
  • 超伝導加速器の2.23MHzの束間隔に穴を同期しました.
  • 光学空洞の厳格な長さおよび角安定性要件を維持しました.

主要な成果:

  • 6.952 keVでマルチパスゲインのレージングを達成しました.
  • 洞穴内の連続した電子束を横断するX線パルスの"リングアップ"を観測した.
  • ミクロジュールのレベルのX線パルスを,スペクトル的に純粋に生成した.

結論:

  • 本物の加速器環境でCBXFELの実現可能性を確立しました.
  • 検証されたダイヤモンドブラッグ光学は,X線共振器に適している.
  • 証明されたスペクトル純度は,一貫性のある安定した源を必要とする次世代のX線科学への道を開く.