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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
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読解における予測可能性効果は、視空間ワーキングメモリ負荷によって調節されない

Aine Ito1

  • 1Department of English, Linguistics and Theatre Studies, National University of Singapore, Block AS5, 7 Arts Link, Singapore, 117570, Singapore. aine.ito@nus.edu.sg.

Memory & cognition
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

予測可能な単語は読書速度が速く、この効果は認知負荷が高い場合でも持続する。視空間ワーキングメモリ（WM）は、読書中に次にくる単語を予測するために不可欠ではない。

科学分野:

  • 認知心理学
  • 神経科学
  • 言語学

背景:

  • 読書には単語の予測可能性の処理が含まれ、期待される単語の認識が速い。
  • 予測可能性効果を調節する上でのワーキングメモリ（WM）の限界の役割は、依然としてよく理解されていない。

研究 の 目的:

  • 読書中の予測可能な単語の処理に視空間ワーキングメモリ（WM）の利用可能性がどのように影響するかを調査する。
  • リアルタイムでの単語確率の計算にWMリソースが必要かどうかを判断する。

主な方法:

  • ネイティブ英語話者を対象に、2つの事前登録された実験を実施した。
  • 実験1では、視線持続時間とスキップ確率を測定した。
  • 実験2では、自己ペース読書時間を用いて、異なるWM負荷下での予測可能性に敏感な読書指標を評価した。

主要な成果:

  • 予測可能性とWM負荷の両方が、測定値全体で読書時間に有意に影響した。実験2では、予測可能性とWM負荷の間に相互作用が観察されたが、実験1では観察されなかった。実験2のフォローアップ分析では、実験1の結果が再現され、相互作用は見られず、最初の相互作用は人工物であることを示唆した。

結論:

  • 読書における予測可能性効果は、認知的に要求の高い条件下でも堅牢である。
キーワード:
アイトラッキング予測読解自己ペース読書ワーキングメモリ

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  • 読書中の次にくる単語確率のオンライン計算には、視空間WMリソースは必要ない。