歯科治療における出血リスクと血小板数:システマティックレビュー
Guang Xu David Lim1,2, Fatima Al Sarraf3,4, Hana Cho5,6
1Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Oral diseases
|January 29, 2026
まとめ
歯科治療を受ける前の血小板数が少ない(<50,000/μL)患者は、術後の出血リスクが高い。血小板数が少ないことは歯科治療の絶対的禁忌ではないため、個別の評価が不可欠である。
科学分野:
- 口腔外科および歯周病科
- 血液学
- 患者の安全性
背景:
- 術前の血小板減少(血小板減少症)は、術後出血の懸念事項である。
- 歯科治療、特に口腔外科は、術後出血のリスクを伴う。
- 血小板数が少ない患者の歯科治療の安全性に関するエビデンスは限られている。
研究 の 目的:
- 術前の血小板数が50,000/μL未満の患者における歯科治療後の術後出血に関するエビデンスを統合すること。
- 歯科治療を受ける血小板数が少ない患者と正常な患者の出血率を比較すること。
- 血小板減少症患者の歯科治療に関する臨床的意思決定に情報を提供すること。
主な方法:
- メタアナリシスなしの定量的合成を実施した。
- Ovid MEDLINEおよびEmbaseで広範な電子文献検索を実施した。
- 1946年から2024年4月までに発表された研究で、デザインに制限はなかった。
主要な成果:
- 16の研究が含まれ、983例(口腔外科968例、歯周病科10例、歯科麻酔科5例)が対象となった。
- 血小板数が50,000/μL未満の患者では術後出血が12.9%に認められたのに対し、50,000/μL以上の患者では4.9%であった。
- 血小板数が少ない群では、出血のリスク比(2.95)が有意に高かった。
結論:
- 術前の血小板数が少ない(<50,000/μL)ことは、歯科治療の絶対的禁忌ではないようである。
- しかし、特に口腔外科後の術後出血率の増加は、血小板数が少ないことと関連している。
- 個々の患者の評価が推奨され、リスクと管理戦略を明確にするためには、さらなる対照試験が必要である。
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