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地中海食と多発性硬化症の発症との関連:系統的レビューとメタアナリシス
Fatemeh Shakouri1, Morteza Lotfi1, Ali Rostami1
1Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Brain and behavior
|January 30, 2026
まとめ
地中海食(MedDiet)を遵守することは、多発性硬化症(MS)を発症する可能性を低下させる可能性がある。しかし、現在のエビデンスは限られており、MSにおけるMedDietの予防的役割を確認するためにはさらなる研究が必要である。
科学分野:
- 神経学
- 栄養科学
- 疫学
背景:
- 多発性硬化症(MS)は、慢性炎症性の中枢神経系疾患である。
- MSの発症に対する地中海食(MedDiet)の影響については、相反するエビデンスが存在する。
- MedDietとMSの関連を明確にするために、系統的レビューが必要であった。
研究 の 目的:
- MedDietの遵守とMSの発症との関連を調査した研究を系統的にレビューし、メタアナリシスを行うこと。
- MSにおけるMedDietの予防的役割を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 2024年3月までのPubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopusの系統的文献検索。
- MedDietの遵守とMSの発症を評価したオリジナルの臨床研究の包含。
- CMA4ソフトウェアを用いたメタアナリシスと、JBIツールを用いたバイアスリスク評価。
主要な成果:
- 8件の研究(5件の症例対照研究、3件のコホート研究)が含まれた。
- 症例対照研究では、MedDietの遵守はMSのオッズを低下させることが示唆された。
- コホート研究では、有意な関連は見られなかった。
- メタアナリシスでは、MedDietの遵守率が高いこととMSのオッズとの間に有意な逆相関が示された(OR:0.275、p<0.01)。
結論:
- メタアナリシスは、MedDietの遵守率が高いこととMSのオッズの低下が関連していることを示唆している。
- MSの予防におけるMedDietの予防的役割を支持する全体的なエビデンスは不足している。
- 研究の限界と異質性のため、さらなる質の高い前向き研究が必要である。
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