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自由に生息する牛の毛髪コルチゾールはオオカミの捕食パターンを代理できるか?
Marta Rafael1, Eliana Fonseca2, Nuno Santos3,4
1Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Conservation physiology
|January 30, 2026
まとめ
ハイイロオオカミは牛を捕食し、人間と野生生物の間の対立を引き起こす。牛の毛髪コルチゾール濃度(HCC)は、捕食された牛の方が低く、捕食リスクが必ずしもストレスを高めないことを示唆している。
科学分野:
- 野生生物生態学
- 動物生理学
- 保全生物学
背景:
- ハイイロオオカミ(Canis lupus)は家畜を捕食し、人間とオオカミの間の対立を引き起こし、オオカミの保全活動に影響を与える。
- ストレスホルモンであるコルチゾールは、捕食者と獲物の相互作用を理解するための潜在的なバイオマーカーである。
研究 の 目的:
- 毛髪コルチゾール濃度(HCC)が、牛(Bos taurus)を捕食するハイイロオオカミによる個々の獲物の選択のバイオマーカーとして機能するかどうかを調査すること。
主な方法:
- 生存牛およびオオカミに捕食された牛の毛髪サンプル中のコルチゾール濃度を、ELISAを用いて測定した。
- 線形混合モデルを用いて、年齢、性別、食料利用可能性がHCCに及ぼす影響を、農場をランダム効果として分析した。
主要な成果:
- オオカミに捕食された牛は、生存牛と比較して有意に低いHCCを示した。
- 若齢牛のHCCは、成牛よりも低かった。
- HCCは成牛では食料利用可能性と負の相関があったが、若齢牛ではなかった。
結論:
- 捕食リスクは、牛の長期的な生理学的ストレスと直接相関しない可能性がある。
- 慢性ストレスが高い(HCCが高い)牛は、より効果的な捕食回避行動を示す可能性がある。
- 食料利用可能性は牛の採餌行動に影響を与え、オオカミとの遭遇を増加させ、捕食パターンに影響を与える可能性がある。
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