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甲状腺原発結核:濾胞新生物および気管圧迫を呈する症例報告
João Varanda1, Daniel Martins2, Hugo Pais Moreira1
1General Surgery, Unidade Local de Saúde de Gaia/Espinho, Porto, PRT.
Cureus
|January 30, 2026
まとめ
甲状腺結核は甲状腺癌に似た稀な疾患である。診断は困難であるが、分子検査により切除された甲状腺結節から結核菌が検出され、効果的な治療につながった。
科学分野:
- 内分泌学
- 感染症
- 腫瘍学
背景:
- 甲状腺結核(TB)は、結核菌の稀な肺外発現である。
- しばしば緩徐に発症し、甲状腺悪性腫瘍に似ることがあり、診断を複雑にする。
- 非特異的な画像所見と細胞診の結果は、診断上の課題をもたらす。
研究 の 目的:
- 甲状腺結節として現れる甲状腺結核の症例を報告すること。
- 診断の難しさと分子検査の有用性を強調すること。
- 結節性甲状腺疾患におけるTBの考慮の重要性を強調すること。
主な方法:
- 甲状腺腫大と結節を有する77歳女性の症例報告。
- 診断ワークアップには、コンピューター断層撮影(CT)、甲状腺画像報告およびデータシステム(TI-RADS)分類を伴う超音波検査、および穿刺吸引細胞診(FNAC)が含まれた。
- 切除された甲状腺検体を用いて、組織病理学的検査および結核菌複合体DNAのポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)を実施した。
主要な成果:
- 超音波検査では、TI-RADS 3およびTI-RADS 4結節を伴う多結節性甲状腺腫が明らかになった。
- FNACは濾胞新生物を示唆した。
- 組織学検査で濾胞腺腫と上皮様肉芽腫が確認され、PCRで結核菌複合体DNAが検出された。
結論:
- 特に肉芽腫性炎症または圧迫症状を伴う場合、結節性甲状腺疾患の鑑別診断において甲状腺結核を考慮すべきである。
- PCRなどの分子検査は、正確な診断と適切な抗結核療法の指示のために不可欠である。
- 早期かつ正確な診断は、不要な甲状腺手術を防ぐことができる。
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