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関連する概念動画

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
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キロメートルスケール対流許容モデルの生成拡散モデリングを用いたエミュレーション

Jaideep Pathak1, Yair Cohen1, Piyush Garg1

  • 1NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA.

Science advances
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

新しい生成拡散モデルであるStormCastは、スキルのあるキロメートルスケール気象予報を実現します。雷雨のような極端気象イベントを正確に予測し、この複雑な大気シミュレーション領域において以前のディープラーニングアプローチを上回っています。

キーワード:
生成拡散モデル気象予報対流許容モデル極端気象大気科学機械学習

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Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

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Image-guided Convection-enhanced Delivery into Agarose Gel Models of the Brain
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科学分野:

  • 大気科学
  • 気象学
  • 機械学習

背景:

  • 嵐スケールの対流許容モデル(CAM)は、極端気象の予測に不可欠ですが、計算コストがかかります。
  • ディープラーニングモデルは、粗い解像度とは異なり、キロメートルスケールの大気シミュレーションでスキルを達成するのに苦労しています。
  • 雷雨やメソスケール対流システムなどの厳しい気象現象の正確な予測は、依然として課題です。

研究 の 目的:

  • 気象予報のためのスキルのあるキロメートルスケール大気シミュレーションが可能なディープラーニングモデルを開発すること。
  • 生成拡散アプローチを使用して、運用上の対流許容モデルのパフォーマンスをエミュレートすること。
  • モデルが主要な大気変数および対流現象を予測する能力を評価すること。

主な方法:

  • 運用上のCAMであるHigh-Resolution Rapid Refresh(HRRR)をエミュレートするために、生成拡散モデルであるStormCastを開発しました。
  • 1時間ごとのタイムステップで、キロメートルスケールで99の状態変数の自己回帰予測を利用しました。
  • 26の気候変数でモデルを条件付け、大気境界層に密な鉛直解像度を組み込みました。

主要な成果:

  • StormCastは、キロメートルスケールの大気力学の学習に成功したことを示しています。
  • 複合レーダー反射率に対して、1〜6時間の予測スキルを達成しました。
  • 物理的に現実的な対流クラスターの進化、湿潤上昇流、およびコールドプール形態を生成しました。

結論:

  • 生成拡散モデルは、キロメートルスケール地域機械学習気象予報の改善に有望です。
  • StormCastのパフォーマンスは、気候ハザード研究における力学的ダウンスケーリングを強化する可能性を示唆しています。
  • この研究は、高解像度気象予報および気候影響研究におけるAIの活用に新たな道を開きます。