関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram

Published on: July 7, 2023

性別違和感を抱える人々における精神的苦痛とその心理学的相関

Marco Faldi^1,2, Livio Tarchi^1,2, Emanuele Cassioli^1,2

¹Psychiatry Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

The International journal of social psychiatry

|January 31, 2026

要旨

Background:

Previous studies have observed high mental distress in individuals with gender dysphoria (GD). A deeper investigation on constructs underlying mental distress in this specific population is warranted, given the high burden of neglected health needs.

Aims:

To assess mental pain levels in individuals with GD, compared to a control group, and to evaluate potential psychological correlates.

Method:

In this case-control study, 180 individuals were enrolled between January 2020 and January 2024 (94 individuals with GD and 86 controls). All participants completed the following questionnaires: Identity and Eating disorders questionnaire, Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain scale, Symptom CheckList 90 - Revised, Beck Depression Inventory II.

Results:

Among participants with GD, 39 were undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) while 55 were not. Individuals with GD showed significantly higher levels of mental pain than those in the control group (Cohen's d = 0.318, p < 0.001). Positive correlations emerged between mental pain and general mental distress (r = .559, p < .001), depression (r = .828, p < .001), or embodiment disturbances (r = .582, p < .001). Individuals with GD undergoing GAHT for at least one year showed lower levels of mental pain than those seeking GAHT, but not exposed to GAHT at the time of evaluation (Cohen's d = 0.571, p < .001).

Conclusion:

Mental pain is elevated in individuals with GD, with specific correlates related to mental distress, depression, and embodiment disturbances. Preliminary evidence suggests that GAHT may reduce levels of mental pain in individuals with GD.

キーワード:

身体性ジェンダー不合致精神病理学トランスジェンダーおよびノンバイナリー

さらに関連する動画

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

Published on: December 19, 2016

関連する概念動画

Adler's Individual Psychology

Adler's Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...

Social Psychology and Individual Behavior

Social Psychology and Individual Behavior

Social psychology examines how group dynamics, emotions, and cultural influences shape individual actions and decision-making. These elements interact to form behavioral patterns that affect personal choices and social interactions.The Role of Group DynamicsGroups play a crucial role in shaping behavior by reinforcing norms and expectations. Individuals derive a sense of self from group membership, often aligning their behaviors with group norms to maintain social cohesion. For example, an...

Correlations

Correlations

Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and Causation

Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...

Stress and Mental Health

Stress and Mental Health

Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...