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関連する概念動画

Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Understanding how an object moves along a path requires distinguishing between motion over a time span and motion at a precise moment. A useful example is a vehicle traveling along a straight and level path, where its position at any given time is known. The initial step in analyzing this motion is to measure how far the vehicle travels over a fixed time period. This measurement, called average velocity, is computed by dividing the total change in position by the duration over which the change...
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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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Recurrent connections facilitate occluded object recognition by explaining-away

Byungwoo Kang1,2,3, Benjamin Midler1,4, Feng Chen1,5

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

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|January 31, 2026
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まとめ

Recurrent neural networks can explain away occlusions in visual processing by using information about the occluder. This computational mechanism aids in recognizing objects even when parts are hidden, improving visual perception.

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科学分野:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computer Vision
  • Cognitive Science

背景:

  • Recurrent connections in the brain are crucial for visual processing but less understood than feedforward connections.
  • Object recognition, especially with occlusions, is a key cognitive function potentially relying on recurrent processing.

研究 の 目的:

  • To investigate the role and mechanism of recurrent processing in recognizing occluded objects.
  • To demonstrate how recurrent networks can leverage occluder information to improve object recognition.

主な方法:

  • Utilized convolutional models of the visual system, including those approximating the primate visual system.
  • Conducted a systematic architecture sweep of convolutional models.
  • Performed a human psychophysics experiment to find evidence of the proposed mechanism.

主要な成果:

  • Recurrent networks exhibit a unique 'explaining-away' computation, unlike feedforward networks.
  • This computation uses occluder information to account for missing features, aiding occluded object recognition.
  • Evidence consistent with 'explaining-away' was found in both computational models and human experiments.

結論:

  • Recurrent connections possess a distinct computational capability to 'explain-away' occlusions, enhancing visual recognition.
  • This mechanism offers a potential explanation for how the brain handles partially obscured objects.
  • The 'explaining-away' computation may generalize to other perceptual tasks involving context-dependent representation changes.