非選択的手術患者における急速挿管時の高流量鼻酸素療法対フェイスマスク換気の無作為化比較試験
Nguyen Duc Lam1,2, Le Dinh Thanh Son3, Tran Minh Phat3
1Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Hanoi Medical University, No. 01, Ton That Tung Street, Kim Lien Ward, Hanoi, 11520, Vietnam.
BMC anesthesiology
|January 31, 2026
まとめ
非選択的手術における急速挿管(RSI)中の高流量鼻カニューレ(HFNC)は、フェイスマスク換気(FMV)と比較して低酸素血症を有意に減少させた。HFNCは酸素化を改善し、忍容性も良好で、胃や血行動態の合併症増加は認められなかった。
科学分野:
- 麻酔科学
- 集中治療医学
- 呼吸療法
背景:
- 非選択的手術では、絶食状態が不明確なため、急速挿管(RSI)が必要となることが多い。
- RSIの酸素化における高流量鼻カニューレ(HFNC)に関する過去の研究では、結果が混在していた。
- 本研究では、非選択的手術患者のRSI中のHFNCとフェイスマスク換気(FMV)を比較検討する。
研究 の 目的:
- RSI中の低酸素血症予防におけるHFNCとFMVの有効性を比較すること。
- CO₂蓄積、血行動態、胃内容量、および患者の快適性を含む二次転帰を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 非選択的手術を受ける成人ASA I-II患者を対象とした無作為化比較試験。
- 患者は、RSI中にHFNC(100% O₂、60 L·min⁻¹)またはFMV(FiO₂ 1.0、10 L·min⁻¹)のいずれかを受けるように割り付けられた。
- 周術期の酸素化を主要転帰として、修正RSIプロトコルを使用した。
主要な成果:
- HFNC群では低酸素イベント(SpO₂ < 94%)は発生しなかったが、FMV群では12.1%であった(p < 0.001)。; HFNCは、術後酸素化および挿管後PaO₂、および呼気終末酸素濃度を有意に高くした。; CO₂蓄積、血行動態、胃内容量、および誤嚥発生率は同様であったが、HFNCでは軽度の鼻乾燥が認められた。
結論:
- HFNCは、低リスクの非選択的手術患者におけるRSI中の酸素化改善において、FMVよりも優れていると考えられる。
- HFNCは忍容性が良好であり、本コホートでは胃や血行動態の合併症を増加させなかった。
- より高リスクの手術集団におけるHFNCの有用性については、さらなる研究が必要である可能性がある。
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