甲状腺疾患における診断的評価、リスク層別化、および周術期管理戦略
Oskar Patryk Gąsiorowski1, Joanna Kaszczewska1, Julia Tarnowska1
1DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL, VASCULAR, ENDOCRINE AND TRANSPLANT SURGERY, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW, WARSAW, POLAND.
まとめ
このレビューは、選択的甲状腺手術をいつ行うべきか、および処置前後の患者を管理するための最良の戦略を概説します。高度な診断へのアクセスが限られているため、最適な結節管理は困難です。
科学分野:
- 内分泌学
- 外科腫瘍学
- 画像診断
背景:
- 甲状腺疾患、甲状腺機能亢進症および甲状腺機能低下症の様々な形態、およびバセドウ病は、慎重な管理戦略を必要とします。
- 甲状腺の状態に対する外科的介入は、症候性の結節、不明瞭または悪性の細胞診の結果(Bethesda III-VI)、および圧迫症状に対して適応となります。
研究 の 目的:
- 選択的甲状腺手術の適応を明確にすること。
- 甲状腺疾患を有する患者に対する周術期の臨床戦略を定義すること。
主な方法:
- 2005年6月から2024年1月までの出版物に関する包括的な文献レビューが実施されました。
- 検索されたデータベースには、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、およびCochrane Libraryが含まれていました。
- 評価には、超音波ガイド下穿刺吸引細胞診(FNA)およびEU-TIRADSリスク層別化が含まれ、不明瞭な細胞診には分子検査が補われました。
主要な成果:
- 甲状腺摘出術の主な適応には、症候性の結節、不明瞭または悪性の細胞診、および圧迫症状が含まれます。
- 管理戦略は、出血、副甲状腺機能低下症、反回喉頭神経損傷などの潜在的な合併症に対処します。
- 術後のモニタリングは、低カルシウム血症、声の変化、および出血にとって重要です。
結論:
- 高度な甲状腺診断の広範な採用は、リソースの制約によって制限されています。
- これらの制約は、最適な甲状腺結節管理の達成に課題をもたらします。
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