高フェニルアラニン血症の疫学:系統的レビューとメタアナリシス
Tamás István Dóczi1, Shailja Vaghela2,3, George Dennis Obeng1
1Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
Sage open pediatrics
|February 2, 2026
まとめ
高フェニルアラニン血症(HPA)は、世界中で10,000出生あたり0.84の割合で発生しており、中東および北アフリカで有病率が高いです。この系統的レビューは、フェニルケトン尿症(PKU)を含むHPAが希少疾患であることを確認しています。
科学分野:
- 医学遺伝学;代謝性疾患;公衆衛生
背景:
- 高フェニルアラニン血症(HPA)は、フェニルアラニン水酸化酵素欠損症によって引き起こされる遺伝性疾患である。;HPAの世界的および地域的な出生有病率を理解することは、公衆衛生計画およびリソース配分にとって極めて重要である。;HPA有病率の以前の推定値は様々であり、包括的な系統的レビューおよびメタアナリシスが必要とされていた。
研究 の 目的:
- 高フェニルアラニン血症(HPA)およびそのサブタイプ(フェニルケトン尿症(PKU)を含む)の世界的および地域的な出生有病率を定量化すること。;地理的地域間でHPA有病率パターンに影響を与える要因を分析すること。;確立された有病率の閾値に基づいてHPAおよびPKUを希少疾患として検証すること。
主な方法:
- PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、およびPROSPEROの系統的文献検索。;4297件の記録から210件の研究を含め、97件の研究がランダム効果メタアナリシスに寄与した。;血中フェニルアラニン(Phe)カットオフ値による有病率推定値の層別化と、希少疾患に特異的なサンプルサイズ閾値の適用。
主要な成果:
- HPAの出生有病率は、世界中で10,000人の新生児あたり0.84と推定され、地域差が著しい(南米では0.60、MENAでは1.30)。;古典的フェニルケトン尿症(PKU)の有病率は、世界中で10,000出生あたり0.29であり、北米(0.58)およびヨーロッパ(0.67)で高い割合を示した。;有病率のパターンは近親婚率と相関し、MENAでの負担が大きいこと、東南アジアでの負担が低いことを説明した。
結論:
- PKUを含むHPAは、検証された世界的および地域的な有病率推定値を持つ希少疾患であることが確認された。;近親婚は、MENAのような特定の地域におけるHPAの高い負担に寄与する重要な要因である。;これらの調査結果は、世界中の公衆衛生戦略、新生児スクリーニングプログラム、および遺伝カウンセリングに不可欠なデータを提供する。
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