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To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...
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ネットワークメタアナリシスに基づく治療推奨:リスク回避的な意思決定者向けのルール

A E Ades1, Annabel L Davies1, David M Phillippo1

  • 1Population Health Sciences, Bristol University Medical School, Bristol, UK.

Research synthesis methods
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

本研究では、ネットワークメタアナリシス(NMA)における複数の治療法の推奨のために損失調整期待値(LaEV)を導入します。LaEVは、リスク回避的な意思決定者にとって有効で、不確実性を考慮したランキングシステムを提供します。

キーワード:
GRADE意思決定期待値損失調整ネットワークメタアナリシス治療ランキング

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科学分野:

  • Health Economics
  • Decision Analysis
  • Biostatistics

背景:

  • ネットワークメタアナリシス(NMA)は、通常、最高の期待値(EV)に基づいて単一の治療法を推奨します。
  • 既存の方法では、意思決定者のリスク回避や不確実性を十分に考慮していない可能性があります。
  • 不確実性をペナルティ化し、臨床的に関連性のある治療法の選択肢を特定するランキングシステムが必要とされています。

研究 の 目的:

  • NMAにおける複数の治療法推奨のための新しいアプローチを開発および評価すること。
  • リスク回避的な意思決定基準として損失調整期待値(LaEV)を導入および評価すること。
  • GRADEや確率ベースのランキングなどの既存の方法と比較してLaEVを評価すること。

主な方法:

  • 損失調整期待値(LaEV)の導入と、望ましいランキング特性の定義。
  • 最小臨床重要差(MCID)を組み込んだ2段階の推奨プロセスの開発。
  • 様式化された例と10の国立衛生研究所およびケア優秀センター(NICE)のNMAを使用した比較分析。

主要な成果:

  • LaEVは、不確実性下で有効なランキングを確実に生成し、望ましい特性を備えています。
  • LaEVに基づく推奨は、標準的なEVよりも保守的であり、推奨される治療法の数が少なくなりました(中央値で2つ少ない)。
  • GRADEルールは異常を示し、時には最高のEV/LaEV治療法を推奨せず、不確実な選択肢を優遇することがありました。

結論:

  • LaEVは、NMAにおけるリスク回避的な意思決定のための理論的に健全で、保守的で、実施可能な方法を提供します。
  • MCIDを使用した2段階のアプローチにより、臨床的に適切な数の推奨治療法が保証されます。
  • LaEVは、複雑な治療法の比較において、標準的なEV、GRADE、および確率ベースのランキングよりも優れた代替手段を提供します。