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関連する概念動画

Language01:16

Language

913
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.3K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.3K
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

821
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
821
Language Development01:22

Language Development

912
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
912
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

800
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
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システマティックレビューのための引用文献スクリーニングに最適な大規模言語モデル

Takehiko Oami1, Yohei Okada2,3, Taka-Aki Nakada1

  • 1Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.

Research synthesis methods
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

本研究では、システマティックレビューの引用文献スクリーニングにおける4つの大規模言語モデル（LLM）を比較した。Gemini 1.5 ProとClaude 3.5 Sonnetは感度が高く、GPT-4oとLlama 3.3 70Bは特異度が高く、レビューワークフローを最適化した。

キーワード:
引用文献スクリーニング臨床診療ガイドライン生成AI大規模言語モデルシステマティックレビュー

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科学分野:

  • 人工知能;医療情報学;医療サービス研究

背景:

  • 大規模言語モデル（LLM）は、システマティックレビューの引用文献スクリーニングを自動化する可能性を示している。このタスクにおける異なるLLMの比較効率は確立されていない。システマティックレビューはエビデンスに基づく医療に不可欠であるが、時間がかかる。

主な方法:

  • 敗血症および敗血症性ショックの日本の臨床診療ガイドライン2024からの臨床的質問に対する引用文献をスクリーニングするために、4つのLLMを使用した。各LLMの感度、特異度、スクリーニング時間、コスト、一貫性を計算した。事後分析では、LLMの出力を組み合わせた効果を検討した。

結論:

  • 個々のLLMは、引用文献スクリーニングにおいてそれぞれ異なる強みを提供し、時間と作業負荷を削減する。LLMはスクリーニングを合理化するが、偽陽性の管理は依然として課題である。LLMの組み合わせは感度を高めることができ、システマティックレビュープロセスの最適化におけるその可能性を強調している。