高気圧酸素療法と放射線療法の曖昧なエビデンス:希望と不確実性の間で
Francesco Cuccia1, Andrea Neville Cracchiolo2, Antonio Piras3
1Radiation Oncology, ARNAS Civico Hospital - Palermo, Palermo, Italy. francesco.cuccia@arnascivico.it.
まとめ
高気圧酸素療法(HBOT)は、特に骨盤部の有害事象に対する晩期放射線組織障害の管理に有望視されている。しかし、その有効性はがんの部位によって異なり、その有益性と最適な使用法を確認するにはさらなる研究が必要である。
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- 放射線療法
- 高気圧医学
背景:
- 晩期放射線組織障害(LRTI)は、放射線療法(RT)後の癌患者の約5%に影響を及ぼし、生活の質を低下させる。
- 高気圧酸素療法(HBOT)は、RT誘発性有害事象の管理や放射線増感剤として検討されているが、エビデンスは限定的である。
研究 の 目的:
- 放射線療法(RT)を受けている患者における高気圧酸素療法(HBOT)の有効性と安全性を系統的にレビューすること。
- 晩期放射線組織障害(LRTI)の管理におけるHBOTの役割と、その潜在的な放射線増感効果を評価すること。
主な方法:
- PubMed、Embase、Cochraneデータベース(2000-2025年)の系統的レビュー。
- RT患者におけるHBOTを評価した研究を含め、レビューや小規模な症例報告は除外した。
- 研究デザイン、患者/治療の詳細、HBOTパラメータ、転帰、有害事象に関するデータを抽出した。
主要な成果:
- 42件の研究(2785人の患者)を分析。28件が後向き研究、5件がRCT。HBOTは、出血性膀胱炎などの骨盤部有害事象に対して高い奏効率(67-100%)を示した。乳がん/頭頸部がんにおける有益性は、研究デザイン間で一貫性がなかった。安全性プロファイルは概ね良好であった。
結論:
- HBOTは、特に骨盤部の晩期RT有害事象の軽減に有望である。
- 他の部位に対するエビデンスは相反しており、その放射線増感作用は推測の域を出ない。
- RT患者におけるHBOTの最適な使用法を定義するには、よく設計された前向き試験が不可欠である。
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