代謝機能障害関連脂肪性肝疾患(MASLD)における長期的な認知症リスク:人口ベース研究
Andreas Bartholdy1, Kristine Frøsig Moseholm2, Pernille Yde Nielsen3
1Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Andreas.bartholdy@sund.ku.dk.
Metabolic brain disease
|February 2, 2026
まとめ
代謝機能障害関連脂肪性肝疾患(MASLD)は、認知症と独立して関連していない。逆因果関係、すなわち認知機能低下がMASLD診断に先行し影響を与える可能性が、以前の関連を示唆するかもしれない。
科学分野:
- 肝臓学
- 神経学
- 疫学
背景:
- 代謝機能障害関連脂肪性肝疾患(MASLD)は、代謝および血管経路を介して認知機能低下と関連しています。
- MASLDと認知症の関連に関する既存の証拠は一貫していません。
研究 の 目的:
- MASLDと認知症の関連を、選択バイアス、交絡、および逆因果関係を考慮して調査すること。
- 認知症の発症に対するMASLDの独立したリスクを明らかにすること。
主な方法:
- デンマークにおける全国的な登録ベースのマッチングコホート研究(2000-2020年)。
- MASLDを有する8,398人と、肝疾患のない対照5人を組み入れました。
- 認知症の診断は複数の登録を通じて確認され、逆因果関係と交絡のための感度分析を用いたCox回帰分析が実施されました。
主要な成果:
- 調整前の解析では、MASLD患者における認知症リスクが高いことが示されました(HR 1.40)。
- この関連は、併存疾患および社会経済的地位を調整した後、減衰しました(HR 1.12)。
- 感度分析では、逆因果関係の可能性と、陰性対照アウトカム(COPD)に対するリスク増加がないことが示唆されました。
結論:
- MASLDは、認知症のリスク増加と独立して関連していません。
- 調査結果は、認知機能低下が体重減少やMASLD診断に影響を与える可能性があり、真の関連を過小評価する可能性がある逆因果関係を示唆しています。
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